Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Expression profiling of palatal shelves in Tbx1 mutant mice

ABSTRACT: To assess the influence of Tbx1 on gene expression profile within the developing palate we performed a microarray screen using RNA isolated from dissected secondary palate shelves of E13.5 wild type, Tbx1+/- and Tbx1-/- mice. Significant differences were identified between genotypes, with a total of 67 genes demonstrating at least a 2-fold change (p<0.05) in expression. These were clustered into 5 groups, including those downregulated in mutant compared to wild type and heterozygote (n=36); those progressively downregulated from wild type to mutant (n=12); those upregulated in heterozygote and downregulated in mutant compared to wild type (n=2); those progressively upregulated from wild type to mutant (n=12) and those downregulated in heterozygote and upregulated in mutant compared to wild type (n=5). High-throughput real time quantitative RT-PCR confirmed a total of 18 genes significantly changed between wild type and mutant and 24 between heterozygote and mutant. Amongst these, 15 were present in both groups and all except 1 were downregulated in the mutant. There were no significant differences in gene expression between wild type and heterozygous palatal shelves. Secondary palatal shelf pairs were carefully microdissected from E13.5 Tbx1+/+; Tbx1+/- and Tbx1-/- embryos (3 embryos per genotype as biological replicates). RNA was extracted from each pooled shelf pair generating nine RNA samples in total, each one analysed using a single microarray.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

SUBMITTER: Matthew Arno

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-37904 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:We identify a role for two evolutionarily related, secreted metalloproteases of the ADAMTS family (A disintegrin-like and metalloprotease domain with thrombospondin type-1 motif), ADAMTS20 and ADAMTS9, in palatogenesis. Adamts20 mutations cause the mouse white spotting mutant belted (bt), whereas Adamts9 is essential for survival beyond 7.5 days of gestation (E7.5). Functional overlap of Adamts9 with Adamts20 was established in bt/bt:Adamts9+/- mice, which have increased white spotting relative to bt mice, as previously reported, and a fully penetrant cleft palate. Palatal closure was delayed, although eventually completed, in both bt/+;Adamts9+/- and bt/bt mice, demonstrating a cooperative role of these related genes. Adamts9 and Adamts20 are both expressed in palatal mesenchyme, with Adamts9 expressed exclusively in microvascular endothelial cells. Palatal shelves from bt/bt:Adamts9+/- mice fused in culture, suggesting an intact TGF signaling pathway in palatal epithelium, and indicating a temporally specific delay in palatal shelf elevation and growth toward the midline. Palatal shelf mesenchymal cells showed a statistically significant decrease of cell proliferation at E13.5 and E14.5, as well as decreased processing of versican, an ADAMTS substrate, at these stages. Vcan haploinsufficiency led to a greater penetrance of cleft palate in bt mice, and impaired proliferation was also seen in palatal mesenchymal cells of these mice, suggesting a role for ADAMTS-mediated versican proteolysis in palatal closure. In a parallel with recent work identifying a role for a bioactive ADAMTS-generated versican fragment in regulating apoptosis during interdigital web regression, we propose that versican proteolysis may influence palatal mesenchymal cell proliferation. Palatal shelves were dissected from four E13.75 Adamts9+/-:bt/bt embyos (correspond to the 4 samples: Palate_Adamts9+/-:bt/bt_Rep1, Palate_Adamts9+/-:bt/bt_Rep2, Palate_Adamts9+/-:bt/bt_Rep3 and Palate_Adamts9+/-:bt/bt_Rep4) and age-matched 3 wild-type C57Bl/6 embryos (correspond to the 3 samples: Palate_WT_Rep1, Palate_WT_Rep2, and Palate_WT_Rep3) that were used as the controls

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Expression profiling of palatal shelves in Tbx1 mutant mice

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