Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Array-based transcriptional analysis of Clostridium sporogenes during germination, cell outgrowth and vegetative life

ABSTRACT: The members of the genus Clostridium, such as the other spore-forming anaerobic bacteria, have a complex and strictly regulated life-cycle but very little is known about genetic pathways involved at different stages. Clostridium sporogenes, Gram positive bacterium usually involved in food spoilage and frequently isolated from late blowed cheese is genetically indistinguishable from proteolytic Clostridium botulinum and is the non-neurotoxigenic counterpart often used as exemplar for the toxic subtypes. In this work we have performed a microscopy study combined with a custom array-based analysis of C. sporogenes cycle, from dormant spores to early stationary phase. We identified in spores a total of 211 transcripts validating the ipothesis that mRNAs are abundant and strikingly different from those present in growing cells. The spores transcripts included genes responsible of different life-sustaining functions, suggesting the theory of transcripts entrapment or of a basic poly-functional genes activation for future steps. In addition, after three hours from the beginning of the germination process, a 20% of the total up-regulated genes were temporally expressed in germinating spores. The vegetative condition appears to be the more active in terms of gene transcription and protein synthesis and also genes for germination and sporulation factors seem to be expressed at this point. These results suggest that spores are not silent entities and a wider knowledge about genetic pathways involved in Clostridium life cycle could be of help for a better understanding also of pathogenic clostridia types. RNA was isolated from spores, germinating spores (3h), outgrowth/transitional mid-log vegetative cells and early stationary cells of Clostridium sporogenes UC9000 previously isolated from milk. There were 3 biological replicates (independent cultures) for each condition. Probes corresponding to 3400 genomic CDSs of C. botulinum A ATCC 3502 were synthesized in three replicates randomly distributed on the chip.

ORGANISM(S): Clostridium sporogenes

SUBMITTER: Daniela Bassi

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-38619 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:Spermatophyte pollen tubes and root hairs have been used as single-cell-type model systems toward understanding the molecular processes underlying polar growth of plant cells. Horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.) is a perennial herb species in Equisetopsida, which creates separately growing spring and summer stems in its life cycle. The mature chlorophyllous spores produced from spring stems can germinate without dormancy. Here we report the cellular features and protein expression patterns in five stages of horsetail spore germination (mature spores, rehydrated spores, double-celled spores, germinated spores, and spores with protonemal cells). Using 2-DE combined with mass spectrometry, 80 proteins were found to be differentially expressed upon spore germination. Among them, proteins involved in photosynthesis, protein turnover, and energy supply were over-represented. Thirteen proteins appeared as isoforms on the gels, indicating the potential importance of post-translational modification. In addition, the dynamic changes of ascorbate peroxidase, peroxiredoxin, and dehydroascorbate reductase implied that reactive oxygen species homeostasis is critical in regulating cell division and tip-growth. The time course of germination and diverse expression patterns of proteins in photosynthesis, energy supply, lipid and amino acid metabolism indicated that heterotrophic and autotrophic metabolism were necessary in light-dependent germination of the spores. Twenty-six proteins were involved in protein synthesis, folding, and degradation, indicating that protein turnover is vital to spore germination and rhizoid tip-growth. Furthermore, the altered abundance of small G protein Ran1, 14-3-3 protein, actin, and Caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase revealed that signaling transduction, vesicle trafficking, cytoskeleton dynamics, and cell wall modulation were critical to cell division and polar growth. These findings provide up-to-date evidences for understanding fern spore asymmetric division and rhizoid polar growth.

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Array-based transcriptional analysis of Clostridium sporogenes during germination, cell outgrowth and vegetative life

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