Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Nutrigenomics study in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed novel diets supplemented with marine by-products

ABSTRACT: The processing of seafood for human or animal consumption creates vast amounts of by-product, which is often considered waste. Although some of these by-products are used as fishmeal, bone-meal or fertilizer, as a whole, it remains under utilized. Significant amounts of proteins, lipid fractions, vitamins, and other bioactive molecules are present in these by-products, all with potential beneficial properties that could be used as alternatives to fishmeal or as supplements for aquaculture species. In an attempt to investigate their potential benefit in Atlantic salmon fish nutrition, nine experimental diets were formulated using by-products originating from various seafood processing plants. A control basal diet (no by-product added) was also formulated. Juvenile Atlantic salmons were fed one of the nine experimental diets (30% marine by-product, 70% basal diet) or the basal diet and hepatic gene expression profiling was done on fish fed each diet after 14 and 56 days. Analysis of hepatic gene expression revealed a significant amount of differentially expressed genes for each diet with roles in various pathways and biological processes. By comparing differences in hepatic gene expression levels with the nutritional composition of the various feeds, we were able to identify a number of nutritional elements that affect specific gene families. This information will be very useful for the formulation of novel fish feeds, which may be designed with specific aims, such as rapid growth, increased immunity or better general health This specific study is aimed at evaluating the hepatic transcriptional responses in juvenile Atlantic salmon fed with fish feed formulation supplemented with one of nine marine by-products.

ORGANISM(S): Salmo salar

SUBMITTER: Francis LeBlanc

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-41325 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:Simple cost-effective bacterins are the earliest and most successfully used commercial vaccines in fish. In particular, those prepared from Yersinia ruckeri have proven effective at controlling Enteric Red Mouth Disease (ERM) and yersiniosis in rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon, respectively. However, the emergence of outbreaks of ERM caused by atypical biotypes of Y. ruckeri and reports of vaccine failure resulting in mass mortality of hatchery Atlantic salmon has reinvigorated interest in vaccines against fish bacterial diseases. Therefore the objective of this study was to identify surrogates of protection against yersiniosis using cDNA microarray to characterise the response of host genes in the gills of unvaccinated and vaccinated Atlantic salmon challenged with Y. ruckeri. Differentially expressed genes were identified using two-way ANOVA and restricted to those with >2.5-fold change at P<0.05. Using cDNA microarray we identified the expression of 6 genes in response to infection and 4 genes associated with the protective host response to yersiniosis. Analysis by real-time PCR confirmed that three immunologically relevant genes, namely a cathelicidin (47-fold) and a C-type lectin (19-fold) increased in response to yersiniosis. Including collagenase (17-fold increase), an important tissue remodelling and repair enzyme, these genes represent 3 of 6 non-protective and/or pathological responses to yersiniosis. Genes associated with the protective host response included an immunoglobulin gene and a selenoprotein that showed significant fold changes (15-fold increases each), highlighting the importance of antibody-mediated protection against yersiniosis. These findings provide much needed knowledge of the host-pathogen interaction in response to bacterial infection and immunisation in fish. Significantly, we identified a transcriptional biosignature consisting of predominantly immune-relevant genes (14 up and 3 down-regulated) in the gills of Atlantic salmon after immersion vaccination and before bacterial challenge. This biosignature may be used as a surrogate of protection and therefore as a predictor of vaccine success against yersiniosis. 36 microarray slides representing 6 individual fish (biological replicates) at 0 h (pre-challenge), 8 h, and 72 h post-challenge from both vaccinated and unvaccinated fish. Two-colour array using sample cDNA labelled with Cy5 and a common reference aRNA labelled with Cy3 hybridized to each slide.

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Nutrigenomics study in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed novel diets supplemented with marine by-products

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