Highly parallel assays of tissue-specific enhancers in whole Drosophila embryos
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT: Understanding transcriptional regulatory networks requires the identification and characterization of cis-regulatory modules (CRMs), DNA sequences which can direct expression of associated genes to a specific cell type and/or developmental stage. Reporter assays for the capacity of a candidate CRM to activate a heterologous promoter have been productive but suffer limited throughput or fail to convey information on cell type specificity. We have developed an assay in which reporter constructs containing a pool of candidate CRMs are introduced in parallel to Drosophila embryos along with a common cell-type-specific second marker; candidate CRMs isolated by PCR from FACS-purified double-positive cells can by quantitated by high-throughput sequencing, and their relative abundance compared to those in the input cell population to detect activity in the cell type (or types) of interest. twi-CD2+/GFP+ cells in triplicate, and input (twi-CD2+) cells in triplicate for comparison; twi-CD2-/GFP+ cells in triplicate, and input (twi-CD2-) cells in triplicate for comparison; mef2-CD2+/GFP+ cells (single sample), and input (mef2-CD2-) cells in quintuplicate for comparison and variance estimation; mef2-CD2-/GFP+ cells in triplicate, and input (mef2-CD2-) cells in triplicate for comparison; duf:CD2+/GFP+ cells (single sample), and input (duf:CD2-) cells in quintuplicate for comparison and variance estimation; duf:CD2-/GFP+ cells in sextuplicate, and input (duf:CD2-) cells in sextuplicate for comparison.
Project description:Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is an incurable neoplasm characterized by abnormal accumulation of neoplastic mast cells (MC) in vascularized organs. In indolent SM, MC express several different adhesion-molecules including CD2 and CD58, and form focal tissue-aggregates, whereas in advanced SM, MC often lack CD2 and produce a more diffuse infiltration-pattern. To explore the functional role of CD2 in the pathology of SM, stable CD2+ and CD2− subclones of the human MC-leukemia cell line HMC-1 were generated and injected intraperitoneally into pfp/rag2 mice. CD2+ HMC-1 cells formed solid mastocytomas in the peritoneum and lungs, whereas CD2− cells produced diffuse infiltration. CD2+ and CD2− HMC-1 subclones all displayed the driver-mutant KIT D816V, exhibited the same growth-kinetics, and displayed identical adhesion-receptors including CD44 and selectin-ligands. To explore the mechanism of organ invasion, E- and P-selectin-deficient scid mice (scid-select) were employed. While massive HMC-1 infiltrates were detected in the lungs of control mice, infiltration was markedly reduced or absent in scid-select mice. The invasion-receptor CD44 was detectable in all MC infiltrates, with most abundant expression in the invasion-front. Together, our data show that selectins mediate organ-invasion of MC and CD2-CD58 interactions contribute to a more focal infiltration-pattern which is lost during progression to MC leukemia. HMC1 cells were sorted by FACS for expression of CD2 surface expression. 2 subclones were obtained (CD2+ or CD2-) and compared by gene expression profiling using U133 plus 2.0 GeneChips
Project description:CD2 is a receptor expressed on T cells and when engaged, it promotes T cell activation. However the mechanisms and molecular partners of CD2 that mediate T cell activation remain unclear. Here we used AP-MS to determine the interactome of CD2 prior and upon its engagement. For this purpose, we used a knockin mouse expressing an endogenous One Step Tag (OST) version of the CD2 molecule. Affinity purification of the OST tagged protein was performed using Streptactin beads, from T cells left non-stimulated, or stimulated for 1min or 5min with anti-CD2 antibodies. Each AP-MS purification was associated with a corresponding control (purification from WT CD4+ T cells, cultured and stimulated in the same conditions). The number of replicate biological experiments was n=3 for all conditions.
Project description:Gene expression profiling was carried out on peripheral blood CD2+ leukocytes from 29 children with asthma. The primary research question is whether gene expression differs in individuals from high socioeconomic status environments vs low socioeconomic status environments. Experiment Overall Design: Gene expression profiling was carried out on peripheral blood CD2+ leukocytes from 29 children with asthma. The primary research question is whether gene expression differs in individuals from high socioeconomic status environments vs low socioeconomic status environments.
Project description:Input control for ChIP-seq on transgenic flies expressing twi-eGFP fusion proteins. For data usage terms and conditions, please refer to http://www.genome.gov/27528022 and http://www.genome.gov/Pages/Research/ENCODE/ENCODE_Data_Use_Policy_for_External_Users_03-07-14.pdf
Project description:ChIP-seq on transgenic flies expressing twi-eGFP fusion proteins. The IP was performed using an anti-GFP antibody. For data usage terms and conditions, please refer to http://www.genome.gov/27528022 and http://www.genome.gov/Pages/Research/ENCODE/ENCODE_Data_Use_Policy_for_External_Users_03-07-14.pdf
Project description:Lysine deacetylase inhibitors (KDACi) show immunomodulatory properties, promoting differntiation of an IL7RhiPD1lo memory precursor (MPEC) phenotype on polyclonal stimulation in vitro and enhancing functional memory responses during infection or immunisation in vivo. We isolated (MACS positive selection) primary human CD8+ T cells from healthy blood donors and treated them for 6 days with low dose sodium valproate (5mM, d0) with concurrent stimulation with anti-CD2/3/28 microbeads, then undertook bulk ATACseq of lysed cells.
Project description:Lysine deacetylase inhibitors (KDACi) show immunomodulatory properties, promoting differentiation of an IL7RhiPD1lo memory precursor (MPEC) phenotype on polyclonal stimulation in vitro and enhancing functional memory responses during infection or immunisation in vivo. We isolated (MACS positive selection) primary human CD8+ T cells from healthy blood donors and treated them for 6 days with low dose sodium valproate (5mM, d0) with concurrent stimulation with anti-CD2/3/28 microbeads, then undertook bulk RNAseq of lysed cells.
Project description:The only group of organisms in which a biological function for cadmium has been shown is the diatoms, which are unicellular phytoplankton. Yet diatoms exhibit similar sensitivity to Cd as other groups of phytoplankton. We have investigated responses of Cd on molecular, metabolic and physiological levels in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. P. tricornutum apparently has a high tolerance to Cd; only minor responses were observed on growth, pigment and transcriptional changes at cadmium concentrations of 123 µg/l. No significant changes in chlorophyll and xanthophyll levels were observed, and the very few transcripts affected strongly indicate that the cells were able to respond to the increased Cd2+ levels without changing proteins levels. At 10 times this concentration, 1230 µg/l, a much clearer response was observed, including transcripts encoding proteins involved in metal transport, cell signalling and detoxification processes. Our results point towards putative pathways for the removal or detoxification of Cd and its metabolites, as well as a possible Cd uptake mechanism. We predict that ATPase5-1B is involved in removal of Cd by pumping Cd2+ ions out of the cell, whereas VIT1/CCC1 sequesters Cd2+ in the vacuole. Cultures of Phaeodactylum tricornutum were treated with two concentrations of Cd2+, 123 µg/l and 1230 µg/l. The reference samples were grown in artificial seawater base AK modified with added f/2-medium nutrients. Three biological replicates were harvested for all samples.
Project description:Dichaete is a developmentally important transcription factor, known to be involved in basic biological processes including segmentation and nervous system development among others. The aim of this experiment was to gain further insight into the role of Dichaete during early embryogenesis, by looking at the disruption of gene expression in Dichaete mutants. Stage 10-11 embryos (5 and 7.5 hours after egg laying) from a cross between Dr72/TM3, twi-GAL4 UAS-Gfp Dr513/TM3, twi-GAL4 UAS-Gfp, were hand picked under a fluorescence dissecting microscope. GFP negative homozygous Dichaete mutant embryos and their heterozygous single GFP positive siblings were collected and approximately 150 embryos per sample were stored frozen in Trizol
Project description:The human dataset includes the gene expression profile of CD4+ T cells isolated from blood of healthy controls and plated on TCP in RPMI-1640 containing 10% FCS, Penicillin-Streptomycin (50,000 units-50 mg) and L-glutamine (2 mM). Cells were stimulated for 4 days with 20 ng/ml of IL-1beta, 100 IU/ml of IL-2, 20 ng/ml of IL-6, 20 ng/ml IL-23 plus anti-CD2/3/28 beads at a ratio of 1 bead per 10 cells. RNA samples were isolated using the RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen) with on-column DNA digestion. The transcriptional profile was evaluated in three different donors using the HT12v4.1 BeadChip arrays from Illumina. Total RNA obtained from CD4+ T cells exposed to Th17-promoting cytokines.