Escape from Immunosurveillance in Pancreatic Cancer is Mediated by the Stromal Cell Expressing Fibroblast Activation Protein-Alpha
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
SUBMITTER: Andrew Deonarine
PROVIDER: E-GEOD-42605 | biostudies-arrayexpress |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress
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2013-07-15 | E-GEOD-39438 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDA) develops predominantly through pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) precursor lesions. Pancreatic acinar cells are reprogrammed to a “ductal like” state during PanIN-PDA formation. Here, we demonstrate a parallel mechanism operative in mature duct cells where they undergo “ductal retrogression” to form IPMN-PDA. Brg1, a catalytic subunit of the SWI/SNF complexes, plays a critical antagonistic role in IPMN-PDA development. In mature duct cells Brg1 inhibits the dedifferentiation that precedes neoplastic transformation, thus attenuating tumor initiation. In contrast, Brg1 promotes tumorigenesis in full-blown PDA by supporting a mesenchymal-like transcriptional landscape. We have exploited this duality of Brg1 functions to develop a novel therapeutic approach using an epigenetic drug JQ1. In summary, this study demonstrates the context-dependent roles of Brg1 and points to potential therapeutic treatment options based on epigenetic regulation in PDA. Duct cells were isolated from mice of 3 different genotypes and duct cells from 3 mice of each genotype were sequenced. For the put back experiments, control retrovirus and that expressing Brg1 were transdcued in Brg1 null IPMN mouse cell line.
2015-07-29 | E-GEOD-65315 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:An autochthonous model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) permitted the analysis of why immunotherapy is ineffective in this human disease. Despite finding that PDA-bearing mice had cancer cell-specific CD8+ T cells, the mice, like human PDA patients, did not respond to two immunological checkpoint antagonists that promote the function of T cells, α-CTLA-4 and α-PD-L1. Immune control of PDA growth was achieved, however, by depleting carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) that express Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP). The depletion of the FAP+ stromal cell also uncovered the anti-tumor effects of α-CTLA-4 and α-PD-L1, indicating that its immune suppressive activity accounts for the failure of these T cell checkpoint antagonists. Three findings suggested that CXCL12 explained the overriding immunosuppression by the FAP+ cell: T cells were absent from regions of the tumor containing cancer cells; cancer cells were coated with the chemokine, CXCL12; and the FAP+ CAF was the principle source of CXCL12 in the tumor. Administering AMD3100, a CXCL12 receptor (CXCR4) inhibitor, induced rapid T cell accumulation among cancer cells, and acted synergistically with α-PD-L1 to selectively and greatly diminish cancer cells, identified by their loss-of-heterozygosity (LOH) of Trp53. The residual tumor was comprised only of pre-malignant epithelial cells and inflammatory cells. Thus, a single protein, CXCL12, from a single stromal cell type, the FAP+ CAF, may direct tumor immune evasion in a model of human PDA.
2012-11-30 | GSE42605 | GEO
Project description:The activation of cellular quality control pathways to maintain metabolic homeostasis and mitigate diverse cellular stresses is emerging as a critical growth and survival mechanism in many cancers. Autophagy, a highly conserved cellular self-degradative process, is a key player in the initiation and maintenance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). However, the regulatory circuits that activate autophagy, and how they enable reprogramming of PDA cell metabolism are unknown. We now show that autophagy regulation in PDA occurs as part of a broader program that coordinates activation of lysosome biogenesis, function and nutrient scavenging, through constitutive activation of the MiT/TFE family of bHLH transcription factors. In PDA cells, the MiT/TFE proteins - MITF, TFE3 and TFEB - override a regulatory mechanism that controls their nuclear translocation, resulting in their constitutive activation. By orchestrating the expression of a coherent network of genes that induce high levels of lysosomal catabolic function, the MiT/TFE factors are required for proliferation and tumorigenicity of PDA cells. Importantly, unbiased global metabolite profiling reveals that MiT/TFE-dependent autophagy-lysosomal activation is specifically required to maintain intracellular AA pools in PDA. This AA flux is part of a program that is essential for metabolic homeostasis and bioenergetics of PDA but not for their non-transformed counterparts. These results identify the MiT/TFE transcription factors as master regulators of the autophagy-lysosomal system in PDA and demonstrate a central role of the autophagosome-lysosome compartment in maintaining tumor cell metabolism through alternative amino acid acquisition and utilization. Examination of mRNA levels in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) cell line 8988T after treatment with siRNA for control or TFE3
2015-04-03 | E-GEOD-62077 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:In this experiment the RNA of s.c. grown tumors of cancer cell lines of murine Ptf1aCre;Kras,Brg1-/- vs. Ptf1a;Kras;p53+/- PDA was isolated and analyzed for gene expression. Ptf1aCre;Kras,Brg1-/- s.c. PDA grows more benign as compared to Ptf1a;Kras;p53+/- PDA; and the rationale of this study was to identify genes responsible for this different biological behavior. Total RNA of s.c. tumors of Ptf1aCre;Kras,Brg1-/- vs. Ptf1a;Kras;p53+/- cancer cell lines was isolated, purified and analyzed on the deep sequencing platform.
2013-11-14 | E-GEOD-52332 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDA) develops predominantly through pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) precursor lesions. Pancreatic acinar cells are reprogrammed to a “ductal like” state during PanIN-PDA formation. Here, we demonstrate a parallel mechanism operative in mature duct cells where they undergo “ductal retrogression” to form IPMN-PDA. Brg1, a catalytic subunit of the SWI/SNF complexes, plays a critical antagonistic role in IPMN-PDA development. In mature duct cells Brg1 inhibits the dedifferentiation that precedes neoplastic transformation, thus attenuating tumor initiation. In contrast, Brg1 promotes tumorigenesis in full-blown PDA by supporting a mesenchymal-like transcriptional landscape. We have exploited this duality of Brg1 functions to develop a novel therapeutic approach using an epigenetic drug JQ1. In summary, this study demonstrates the context-dependent roles of Brg1 and points to potential therapeutic treatment options based on epigenetic regulation in PDA.
2015-07-29 | GSE65315 | GEO
Project description:Background & Aims: Perturbations in pancreatic ductal bicarbonate secretion often result in chronic pancreatitis. Although the physiological mechanism of ductal secretion is known, its transcriptional control is not well characterized. Here, we investigate the role of the transcription factor Hematopoietically-expressed homeobox protein (Hhex) in pancreatic secretion and pancreatitis. Methods: We derived mice with pancreas-specific, Cre-mediated Hhex gene ablation to determine the requirement of Hhex in the pancreatic duct in early life and in adult stages. Histological and immunostaining analyses were used to detect the presence of pathology. Pancreatic primary ductal cells (PDCs) were isolated to discover differentially expressed transcripts upon acute Hhex ablation. Results: Hhex protein was detected throughout the embryonic and adult ductal trees. Ablation of Hhex in pancreatic progenitors resulted in postnatal ductal ectasia associated with acinar-to-ductal metaplasia, a progressive phenotype that ultimately resulted in chronic pancreatitis. Hhex ablation in adult mice, however, did not cause any detectable pathology. Ductal ectasia did not result from perturbations in primary cilia, but was consistent with the effects of primary ductal hypertension. RNA-seq analysis of Hhex-ablated PDCs indicated the G-protein coupled receptor Natriuretic peptide receptor 3, implicated in paracrine signaling, was upregulated 4.70-fold. Conclusions: Although Hhex is dispensable for adult pancreatic function, ablation of Hhex in pancreatic progenitors results in profound pancreatitis that is consistent with primary ductal hypertension. Our data highlight the critical role of paracrine signaling in maintaining ductal homeostasis, especially in early life, and support ductal hypersecretion as a novel etiology of pediatric chronic pancreatitis. Pancreatic primary ductal cells (PDCs) were isolated from uninduced adult HhexL/L;Sox9CreERT2 (n=2) and littermate control HhexL/L (n=2) mice. PDCs were treated with 500nM 4-hydroxytamoxifen in vitro for 4 days, and then RNA was collected for transcriptome analysis.
2015-11-20 | E-GEOD-63526 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:PR-SET7-mediated histone-4 lysine-20 methylation has been implicated in mitotic condensation, DNA damage response and replication licencing. Here we show that PR-SET7 function in the liver is pivotal for maintaining genome integrity. Hepatocyte-specific deletion of PR-SET7 in mouse embryos resulted in G2 arrest followed by massive cell death and defect in liver organogenesis. Inactivation at postnatal stages caused cell duplication-dependent hepatocyte necrosis with unusual features of autophagy, termed "endonucleosis". Necrotic death was accompanied by inflammation, fibrosis and compensatory growth induction of neighboring hepatocytes and resident ductal progenitor cells. Prolonged necrotic-regenerative cycles coupled with oncogenic STAT3 activation replaced pre-existing hepatocytes with hepatocellular carcinoma derived entirely from ductal progenitor cells. Hepatocellular carcinoma in these mice displays a cancer stem cell gene signature specified by the co-expression of ductal progenitor markers and oncofetal genes. Mice carrying hepatocyte specific inactivation of PR-SET7 were generated in order to investigate the function of PR-SET7 histone methyl transferase in liver organogenesis, hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration. P15 WT mice were injected intra-peritoneally (ip) with 25ml per kg DEN (diethyl nitrosamine). Mice were examined for RNA expression at 8 months old.
2014-08-01 | E-GEOD-49555 | biostudies-arrayexpress
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2014-09-01 | E-GEOD-53659 | biostudies-arrayexpress
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