HIV gp120 modulates the vaginal transcriptome
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
SUBMITTER: Atmaram Bandivdekar
PROVIDER: E-GEOD-44914 | biostudies-arrayexpress |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress
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Project description:During sexual transmission of HIV-1 from male to female partners, the vagina is the initial site of contact with HIV infected semen. The mechanism of HIV traversing the CD4 negative multi-layered stratified squamous epithelial barrier of the vagina to infect sub-epithelial susceptible immune cells, is hitherto unknown. HIV gp120 binds to several host proteins on vaginal epithelial cells. To gain an insight into the physiologic changes that may occur in vaginal epithelial cells in response to interactions with HIV gp120, and obtain an understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which HIV breaches the vaginal epithelium, a global snap shot of gene expression profiles in the vaginal epithelial cell line Vk2/E6E7, treated with HIV gp120 was determined. The vaginal epithelial cell line Vk2/E6E7 was treated with HIV gp120 (83nM) for 24 hr, and Agilent one colour, microarrays were performed.
2014-03-01 | GSE44914 | GEO
Project description:Progestin-based contraception may increase the risk of vaginal HIV acquisition to a level greater than the progesterone-rich luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, which has been demonstrated to have a significantly higher transmission rate compared to the follicular phase. We used pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) model to evaluate the effects of administration of the oral the combined oral contraceptives (COCs) depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and levonorgestrel (LNG) on mucosal factors that influence HIV susceptibility. We compared the pH and vaginal epithelial thickness data from previous studies, and evaluated contraception-induced molecular changes in the vagina using transcriptional and cytokine profiling. The administration of DMPA caused a pronounced thinning of the vaginal epilthelium relative to measurements takein in the follicular or luteal phase. DMPA also induced a significant increase in vaginal IL10 expression. Lastly, using RNA-Seq analyses of vaginal biopsies, we noted that both DMPA- and LNG-based contraception induced a signature of gene expression similar to that of the luteal phase, only more exacerbated, and including widespread down-regulation of HIV-restriction genes. Use of progestin-based contraception might engender a milieu that poses an increased risk of HIV transmission than that of the luteal phase via vaginal thinning, induction of immunosuppressive cytokines, and widespread suppression of HIV restriction factors.
2020-06-07 | GSE99800 | GEO
Project description:Dendritic cells (DC) localize throughout the body, where they sense and capture invading pathogens to induce protective immune responses. Hence, harnessing the biology of tissue-resident DC is crucial for the rational design of vaccines against pathogens. Herein, we characterized the transcriptomes of four antigen presenting cell (APC) subsets from the human vagina (vLC, vCD14- DC, vCD14+ DC, vMM-NM-&) and compared them to those of three skin DC (sDC) subsets and blood myeloid DC. We find that APC genomic fingerprints are significantly influenced by the tissue of origin as well as by individual APC subsets. Nonetheless, CD14+ APC from both vagina and skin are geared towards innate immunity and pro-inflammatory responses, whereas CD14- DC, particularly sLC, vLC, and vCD14- DC, display both Th2-inducing and regulatory phenotypes. We also identified vAPC subset-specific cellular and functional biomarkers that will guide the design of mucosal vaccines against sexually transmitted pathogens. Vaginal and skin tissues were obtained from female patients who underwent pelvic or cosmetic surgeries under protocols approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Baylor Research Institute (BRI). Patients were not infected with HIV, HCV or TB and did not display inflammation in the tissues. No other diagnosis information was available. Blood from healthy female volunteers was obtained under a protocol approved by the IRB of BRI. 87 total samples. 6 Blood mDC; 16 Dermal CD1c+CD14-; 10 Epidermal LC; 12 Vaginal CD1c+CD14-; 13 Vaginal CD1c+CD14+; 7 Vaginal HLADR- w/ 2 replicates (Vaginal HLADR-_VM610 and Vaginal HLADR-_VM611); 9Vaginal LC; 14 Vaginal Macrophage.
2014-12-17 | E-GEOD-54480 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:HIV-1 infections of women are mainly acquired through female reproductive tract where cervical and vaginal epithelial cells are the first line of defense. Although HIV-1 does not directly infect epithelial cells, HIV-1 obligatorily interacts with and crosses over epithelial layer to infect susceptible target cells, mainly CD4+ T cells, in the lamina propria to initiate an infection. However, the mechanism and ramification of the interaction of HIV-1 and epithelial cells in vaginal transmission of HIV-1 remain to be elucidated. We hypothesized that cervical epithelial cells are not a passive barrier, but actively respond to HIV-1 to change mucosal milieu and facilitate HIV-1 transmission. We tested this hypothesis by studying the responses of cervical epithelial cells to HIV-1 through profiling genome-wide transcription. We found 1) cervical epithelial cells actively respond to HIV-1. Five hundred forty-three transcripts/genes in cervical epithelial cells were significantly altered in expression at four hours post exposure to HIV-1, of which many relate to important signaling pathways, such as innate immune responses, pattern recognition receptors, apoptosis, biosynthesis, and energy production, 2) HIV-1 increases the expression of CXC Chemokines (IL-8, CXCL1 and CXCL3) in cervical epithelial cells. IL-8 and CXCL1 are potent chemotactic for multinuclear neutrophils (MNP), monocytes and a minority of lymphocytes, and CXCL3 is predominant chemotactic for monocytes, 3) HIV-1 increases the expression of key inflammatory enzymes-COX-1 and COX-2. COX-1 is responsible for the production of prostaglandins that are important for homeostatic functions, and COX-2 is a key enzyme to convert arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, key inflammatory mediators, and 4) the increased expression of IL-8 and COX-2 revealed using microarray analysis was mapped into the endocervical epithelial cells of macaques inoculated with inactivated SIV in vivo. Our date lead to a role model of epithelial cells in HIV-1 vaginal transmission, that is the axis of HIV-1, epithelial cells, proinflammatory molecules (IL-8, CXCL1, CXCL3, COX-1 and COX-2), cell recruitment (MNP, monocytes and T cells), and inflammation. This model implies that moderating epithelial proinflammatory response to HIV-1 may be utilized in prevention of HIV vaginal transmission. Human endocervical epithelial cell line, CRL-2615, was inoculated with HIV-1 ME1 and collected 4hrs post exposure. Biologically duplicated mRNAs were prepared after exposure.
2013-02-01 | E-GEOD-42291 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The anti-HIV humoral immune response following acute infection is delayed and ineffective. HIV envelope protein gp120 binds to and signals through α4β7 on T cells. We show that gp120 also binds and signals through α4β7 on B cells, resulting in an abortive proliferative response. In primary B cells, gp120 signaling through α4β7 resulted in increased expression of TGF-β1 and the B cell inhibitory receptor FcRL4. Co-culture of B cells with HIV-infected autologous CD4+ T cells also resulted in increased B cell FcRL4 expression. These findings indicate that, in addition to inducing chronic immune activation, viral proteins can contribute directly to HIV-associated B cell dysfunction, thus providing a mechanism whereby the virus subverts the early HIV-specific humoral immune response. Forty-two samples in two batches were run with different treatments and different time points.
2013-10-17 | E-GEOD-49019 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:HIV-1 infections of women are mainly acquired through female reproductive tract where cervical and vaginal epithelial cells are the first line of defense. Although HIV-1 does not directly infect epithelial cells, HIV-1 obligatorily interacts with and crosses over epithelial layer to infect susceptible target cells, mainly CD4+ T cells, in the lamina propria to initiate an infection. However, the mechanism and ramification of the interaction of HIV-1 and epithelial cells in vaginal transmission of HIV-1 remain to be elucidated. We hypothesized that cervical epithelial cells are not a passive barrier, but actively respond to HIV-1 to change mucosal milieu and facilitate HIV-1 transmission. We tested this hypothesis by studying the responses of cervical epithelial cells to HIV-1 through profiling genome-wide transcription. We found 1) cervical epithelial cells actively respond to HIV-1. Five hundred forty-three transcripts/genes in cervical epithelial cells were significantly altered in expression at four hours post exposure to HIV-1, of which many relate to important signaling pathways, such as innate immune responses, pattern recognition receptors, apoptosis, biosynthesis, and energy production, 2) HIV-1 increases the expression of CXC Chemokines (IL-8, CXCL1 and CXCL3) in cervical epithelial cells. IL-8 and CXCL1 are potent chemotactic for multinuclear neutrophils (MNP), monocytes and a minority of lymphocytes, and CXCL3 is predominant chemotactic for monocytes, 3) HIV-1 increases the expression of key inflammatory enzymes-COX-1 and COX-2. COX-1 is responsible for the production of prostaglandins that are important for homeostatic functions, and COX-2 is a key enzyme to convert arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, key inflammatory mediators, and 4) the increased expression of IL-8 and COX-2 revealed using microarray analysis was mapped into the endocervical epithelial cells of macaques inoculated with inactivated SIV in vivo. Our date lead to a role model of epithelial cells in HIV-1 vaginal transmission, that is the axis of HIV-1, epithelial cells, proinflammatory molecules (IL-8, CXCL1, CXCL3, COX-1 and COX-2), cell recruitment (MNP, monocytes and T cells), and inflammation. This model implies that moderating epithelial proinflammatory response to HIV-1 may be utilized in prevention of HIV vaginal transmission.
2013-02-01 | GSE42291 | GEO
Project description:The chemokine receptor CCR5 is a major co-receptor for human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) mediating infection of target cells1,2. Beyond its function as co-receptor, CCR5 also influences the course of HIV disease and progression to AIDS3. However, it is unclear how CCR5 affects HIV-associated damage to the central nervous system (CNS) and development of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) independently of its co-receptor function. Here we show in a transgenic model of brain damage induced by HIV envelope protein gp1204 that genetic ablation of CCR5 prevents neuronal injury and loss and limits microglial activation, but fails to abrogate astrocytosis. CCR5 deficiency also protected gp120-transgenic mice against impairment of spatial learning and memory. Thus, CCR5-deficiency revealed that astrocytosis, a prominent pathological feature of AIDS brains5, can occur independently from neuronal demise and behavioral impairment. Since the viral envelope protein expressed in the transgenic mouse model originated from HIV-1 LAV4, a CXCR4-preferring virus that can infect macrophages6, CCR5 appeared to exert its control of neuronal injury predominantly in an indirect fashion and independently from its function as a co-receptor. Using analysis of genome-wide CNS gene expression we identified a subset of 734 genes that were differentially regulated in association with neuronal injury in the presence of CCR5. This subset of genes indicated that neuronal injury was associated with activation of macrophages and microglia. A set of 1305 genes was only differentially regulated in association with gp120 in the absence of CCR5 and indicated changes to leukocyte function and the anti-viral immune response besides a down-regulation of components in the GABAergic neurotransmission system. Interestingly, the most significantly differentially expressed genes were observed in a separate subset of 461 genes that was regulated in association with gp120 but independently of the CCR5 genotype. The finding that differential regulation of the 461 and 1305 gene sets was not necessarily linked to neuronal damage and loss suggested that altered expression of at least some of these factors may represent a protective adaptive response of the brain to the presence of viral gp120. Additional experiments using quantitative RT-PCR, protein assays and flow cytometry further supported the notion that CCR5 deficiency blunted microglial activation, a hallmark of HIV-associated brain injury7-9 without significantly affecting the expression of viral gp120. These results provide in vivo evidence for a significant role of CCR5 in HIV-associated CNS injury and behavioral impairment that is independent of the molecules’ function as HIV co-receptor. To characterize the neuroprotective effect of CCR5 ablation in the presence of HIV gp120, we next performed a genome-wide gene expression analysis using whole brain RNA preparations of mice from lines 1 and 2. We decided to collect samples from two time points before and after the ages of when we analyzed histopathology (6 months) and behavior (8 to 9 months) in order to identify genes for which differential regulation may be affected by an interaction of HIVgp120 expression and age. Accordingly, we collected brain tissue of gp120tg, CCR5KO x gp120tg, WT and CCR5KO mice at five different ages: 1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 20 (line 1) or 16 (line 2) months.
2014-09-09 | E-GEOD-47029 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Clinical treatment protocols for infertility with in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) provide a unique opportunity to assess the human vaginal microbiome in defined hormonal milieu. Herein, we have investigated the association of circulating ovarian-derived estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) concentrations to the vaginal microbiome. Thirty IVF-ET patients were enrolled in this study, after informed consent. Blood was drawn at four time points during the IVF-ET procedure. In addition, if a pregnancy resulted, blood was drawn at 4-to-6 weeks of gestation. The serum concentrations of E2 and P4 were measured. Vaginal swabs were obtained in different hormonal milieu. Two independent genome-based technologies (and the second assayed in two different ways) were employed to identify the vaginal microbes. The vaginal microbiome underwent a transition with a decrease in E2 (and/or a decrease in P4). Novel bacteria were found in the vagina of 33% of the women undergoing IVF-ET. Our approach has enabled the discovery of novel, previously unidentified bacterial species in the human vagina in different hormonal milieu. While the relationship of hormone concentration and vaginal microbes was found to be complex, the data support a shift in the microbiome of the human vagina during IVF-ET therapy using standard protocols. The data also set the foundation for further studies examining correlations between IVF-ET outcome and the vaginal microbiome within a larger study population.
2011-10-24 | E-MEXP-2958 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:We report the HIV-1 induced gene signature of vaginal tissues (EpiVaginalTM, MatTek Corporation, Ashland, MA) using a customised ex vivo model that mimics the vaginal transmission of HIV-1. Importantly, we demonstrate that recombinant fragment of human Surfactant Protein D (rhSP-D) (Mahajan et al., 2008) treated EpiVaginal tissues exhibited a remarkable but selective reversal of HIV-1 specific gene signature suggesting that epithelial behaviour significantly influences transmission events.
2018-11-29 | GSE107478 | GEO