Development of gene expression signatures for miR-218 overexpression
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
SUBMITTER: xing gao
PROVIDER: E-GEOD-46059 | biostudies-arrayexpress |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress
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Project description:The assembly of the mammalian brain is orchestrated by temporally coordinated waves of gene expression. Post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression by microRNAs (miRNAs) is a key aspect of this program. Indeed, deletion of neuron-enriched miRNAs induces strong developmental phenotypes, and miRNA levels are altered in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the mechanisms used by miRNAs to instruct brain development remain largely unexplored. Here, we identified miR-218 as a critical regulator of hippocampal assembly. MiR-218 is highly expressed in the hippocampus and enriched in both excitatory principal neurons (PNs) and GABAergic inhibitory interneurons (INs). Early life inhibition of miR-218 results in an adult brain with a predisposition to seizures. Changes in gene expression in the absence of miR-218 suggest that network assembly is impaired. Indeed, we find that miR-218 inhibition results in the disruption of early depolarizing GABAergic signaling, structural defects in dendritic spines, and altered intrinsic membrane excitability. Conditional knockout of miR-218 in INs, but not PNs, is sufficient to recapitulate long-term instability. Finally, de-repressing Kif21b and Syt13, two miR-218 targets, phenocopies the effects on early synchronous network activity induced by miR-218 inhibition. Taken together, the data suggest that miR-218 orchestrates formative events in PNs and INs to produce stable networks.
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Project description:Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Brain metastasis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in lung cancer. CDH2 (N-cadherin, a mesenchymal marker in epithelial-mesenchymal transition) and ADAM9 (a member of type I transmembrane proteins) have been reported relating to lung cancer brain metastasis, however, it is still not clear whether any interaction between them to mediate lung cancer brain metastasis. Since microRNAs were discovered to regulate many biological functions and disease processes (e.g., cancer) by down-regulating their target genes, microRNA microarrays were used to identify ADAM9 regulated miRNAs that target CDH2 in aggressive lung cancer cells. Luciferase assays and immunoblotting proved that CDH2 was a target gene of miR-218. The expression of miR-218 was generated from pri-mir-218-1, located in SLIT2, in low invasive lung adenocarcinoma while it was inhibited in aggressive lung adenocarcinoma. Down-regulation of ADAM9 could up-regulate SLIT2 and miR-218, thus down-regulate CDH2 expression. This study elucidated the mechanism of ADAM9 activating CDH2 may be due to release the inhibition of miR-218 on CDH2 in lung adenocarcinoma. For each of the cell lines bm#2, bm#7, and F4, one microarray was analyzed.
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Project description:Background: UNC50 has long been recognized as a Golgi apparatus protein in yeast, and is involved in nicotinic receptor trafficking in Caenorhabditis elegans, but little is known about UNC50 gene function in human biology despite it being conserved from yeast to high eukaryotes. Objectives: We investigated the relation between UNC50 and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the potential mechanisms underlying HCC development. Methods: UNC50 mRNA expression patterns in 12 HCC and adjacent non-cancerous tissues determined using northern blotting were confirmed by real-time PCR in another 44 paired tissues. Microarray experiments were used to screen for global effects of UNC50 knockdown in the Hep3B cell line, and were confirmed by real-time PCR, western blotting, flow cytometry, and tetrazolium assay in both UNC50 overexpression and knockdown Hep3B cells. Results: UNC50 expression levels were upregulated in HCC tissues in comparison with the adjacent non-cancerous tissues. UNC50 knockdown reduced mRNA levels of the downstream targets of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway: cyclin D1 (CCND1), EGF, matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP7), aldose reductase-like 1 (AKR1B10), cell surfaceM-bM-^@M-^Sassociated mucin 1 (MUC1), and gastrin (GAST). Moreover, UNC50 influenced EGF, inducing cell cycle entry by affecting cell surface EGFR amounts. Conclusions: UNC50 is a potential oncogene that promotes HCC progression by affecting the EGFR pathway. To gain insight into the role UNC50 plays in HCC progression, we used microarray analyses to identify indirect evidence of UNC50 gene function via the knockdown strategy in Hep3B cells. Hep3B cells transfected with the shRNA expression plasmids shR-467, shR-554, shR-749, and shR-MOCK were purified with 1ug/ml puromycin, and the total RNA from each cell was extracted and analyzed with oligo microarrays.
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