Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Identification of differential duodenal gene expression levels correlated with differences in energy utilization in chickens

ABSTRACT: The amount of energy that can be extracted from a diet varies between individuals. Apparent Metabolizable Energy (AME) is a measure of energy utilization efficiency and represents the difference between the energy consumed and the energy lost via the excreta. There are significant differences in the energy utilization capability of individual birds that have a similar genetic background and are raised under identical conditions. We analyzed duodenal gene expression and microbiota differences between birds with different efficiencies in food to energy conversion using microarrays and sequencing of 16s rRNA genes. Differences were found in duodenal gene expression between high and low AME birds, they were however mostly related to genes of unknown function. The flock of 96 chickens was used to study ability of the bird to utilise the energy from feed. We measured energy content in feed and in excreta of individually housed birds. The microarrays were used to compare expression between the best and worst energy utilisers.

ORGANISM(S): Gallus gallus

SUBMITTER: Dragana Stanley

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-47213 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:The objective of this study was to examine changes in muscle gene expression of growing steers during a period of dietary energy restriction followed by a period of realimentation. Crossbred Aberdeen Angus x Holstein Friesian (n = 24) steers were assigned to one of two feeding treatments. Over a 99 d period, 1 group (n=12) was offered a high energy control diet consisting of concentrates ad libitum and 7 kg of grass silage per head daily. The second group (n=12) was offered an energy restricted diet consisting of grass silage ad libitum plus 0.5 kg of concentrate per head per day. From the end of the differential feeding period (99 d), both groups of animals were offered a total mixed ration (grass silage:concentrate ratio of 80:20). This period, which lasted 200 d, was known as the realimentation period. All animals were slaughtered on d 299 of the study. Muscle biopsies were collected at 2 time points (end of the differential feeding period (d 99) and during the realimentation period (d131). RNA was extracted and muscle gene expression was examined using RNA-seq technology and bioinformatic analysis. During the differential feeding period, 17 over-represented pathways were identified, including the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signalling, glycolysis/ gluconeogenesis and metabolic pathways controlling the metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins which indicate reduced energy intake and fat tissue accumulation occurring in muscle tissue during the restriction phase. During the realimentation period, 164 differentially expressed genes were annotated to 9 over-represented pathways including starch and sucrose metabolism, carbohydrate digestion and absorption and TGF-β signalling pathway. It is hypothesised that the signalling effects of the TGF-β pathway were reduced thereby promoting accelerated cell growth and proliferation in muscle tissue of animals experiencing compensatory growth. This information can be exploited in genomic breeding programmes to assist selection of cattle with a greater ability to compensate following a period dietary restriction. 24 muscle RNA samples were analysed in total. 6 samples were from muscle biopsies collected at the end of a period of dietary restriction (d99) and 6 samples were from muscle biopsies collected at the peak of compensatory growth (d131). In addition, RNA was also analysed from 6 samples collected from animals fed ad libitum at each of these two timepoints.

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Identification of differential duodenal gene expression levels correlated with differences in energy utilization in chickens

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