Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Metabolite stress response to butanol in Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824

ABSTRACT: Clostridium acetobutylicum is a Gram positive, endospore forming firmicute that has been known as the model organims for ABE (acetone-butanol-ethanol) fermentation. With its ability to consume a wide variety of substrates, C. acetobutylicum carries out a biphasic ABE fermentation, which consists of the acidogenic growth phase with the formation of butyric acid and acetic acid, followed by the solventogenic stationary phase with the formation of acetone, butanol and ethanol, characterised by the reassimilation of acids. The production butanol is of renewed ineterest both as a potential biofuel and bulk chemical production. Both butanol and butyrate posses toxic characteristic and here, we focus on understanding and modeling the stress response of C. acetobutylicum to one of the two important toxic metabolites: butanol. C. acetobutylicum cultures were grown, three biological replicates, to mid-exponential phase and then stressed with four levels of butanol (0 mM - No stress; 30 mM - Low stress; 60 mM - Medium stress; & 90 mM - High stress). Samples were collected following the stress at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 min, post stress. These sampling times, which are of the order of the doubling time of these cells, were meant to capture largely the direct and immediate impact of these stresses on gene expression. The RNA extracted from two biological replicates were used for microarray hybridization foloowing cDNA generationa nd labelling using Agilent 44K arrays, while the third was used for q-RT-PCR validation. For each stress level, 6 time points with 2 biological replicates and dye swaps (Cy3/Cy5) were prepared for comparison. The hybridization was perfomed against an equal amount of oppositely labeled cDNA from common reference pool prepared using equal amounts of labeled cDNA from all four stress levels.

ORGANISM(S): Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824

SUBMITTER: Eleftherios Papoutsakis

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-48031 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:Clostridium acetobutylicum, the endospore-forming anaerobe best known for its ABE (acetone-butanol-ethanol) fermentation, has received renewed attention recently for the biological production of butanol, both for bulk chemical production and as a potential biofuel. With butanol production in mind, most of the recent research on C. acetobutylicum has focused on increasing butanol production, tolerance to butanol, and optimizing it for various substrates. However, an equally important trait, though less understood, is its sporulation program, which it coupled to solvent formation. The model organism for endospore formation is Bacillus subtilis, but significant physiological, metabolic, and genomic differences exist between the two organisms. Despite these differences, the major sporulation-related transcription/sigma factors are conserved between the two species. These transcription/sigma factors are activated in a cascade manner such that Spo0A becomes active first, followed by M-OM-^CF, then M-OM-^CE, then M-OM-^CG, and finally M-OM-^CK. The goal of this study is to determine the regulons of 4 of these transcription/sigma factors (Spo0A, M-OM-^CF, M-OM-^CE, and M-OM-^CG) and compare them to those in B. subtilis. To accomplish this goal, individual mutant strains were created for Spo0A, M-OM-^CF, M-OM-^CE, and M-OM-^CG, in which the transcription/sigma factor is silenced. These mutants were then compared transcriptionally using microarrays to determine the regulon of each transcription/sigma factor. To help avoid false positives, comparisons were made between strains in which the downstream transcription/sigma factor is silenced (e.g., for the Spo0A regulon, the Spo0A mutant was compared against the M-OM-^CF mutant and the M-OM-^CE mutant, since they are both upregulated by Spo0A) rather than just the WT. For each regulon, 4 timepoints were taken, since it is very difficult to synchronize sporulation in C. acetobutylicum cultures, and dye-swaps were prepared for each timepoint. Four transcription/sigma factor regulons were investigated: Spo0A, M-OM-^CF, M-OM-^CE, and M-OM-^CG. For Spo0A, two comparison were made: Spo0A mutant vs M-OM-^CF mutant and Spo0A mutant vs M-OM-^CE mutant. For M-OM-^CF, two comparison were also made: M-OM-^CF mutant vs M-OM-^CE mutant and M-OM-^CF mutant vs M-OM-^CG mutant. Finally for M-OM-^CE and M-OM-^CG, only one comparison for each was made: M-OM-^CE mutant vs M-OM-^CG mutant and M-OM-^CG mutant vs wild-type, respectively. For each comparison, 4 timepoints were analyzed, and dye-swaps were prepared for each timepoint comparison. Timepoints were chosen based on when each transcription/sigma factor was expected to be active, based on a previous study [Jones, SW, et al. Genome Biol. 2008;9(7):R114.].

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Metabolite stress response to butanol in Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824

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