Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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WRKY6 Transcription Factor Restricts Arsenate Uptake and Transposon Activation in Arabidopsis

ABSTRACT: Stress constantly challenges plant adaptation to the environment. Of all stress types, arsenic was a major threat during the early evolution of plants. The most prevalent chemical form of arsenic is arsenate, whose similarity to phosphate renders it easily incorporated into cells via the phosphate transporters. Here we found that arsenate stress provokes a notable transposon burst in plants, in coordination with arsenate/phosphate transporter repression, which immediately restricts arsenate uptake. This repression was accompanied by delocalization of the phosphate transporter from the plasma membrane. When arsenate was removed, the system rapidly restored transcriptional expression and membrane localization of the transporter. We identify WRKY6 as an arsenate-responsive transcription factor that mediates arsenate/phosphate transporter gene expression and restricts arsenate-induced transposon activation. Plants therefore have a dual WRKY-dependent signaling mechanism that modulates arsenate uptake and transposon expression, providing a coordinated strategy for arsenate tolerance and transposon gene silencing. Three biological replicates were performed for each sample type. Single channel hybridizations were carried-out using either Affymetrix ATH1 platform or Nimblegen Gene Expression 12x135K platform (Arabidopsis thaliana).

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

SUBMITTER: Juan Oliveros

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-49037 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Publications

WRKY6 transcription factor restricts arsenate uptake and transposon activation in Arabidopsis.

Castrillo Gabriel G Sánchez-Bermejo Eduardo E de Lorenzo Laura L Crevillén Pedro P Fraile-Escanciano Ana A Tc Mohan M Mouriz Alfonso A Catarecha Pablo P Sobrino-Plata Juan J Olsson Sanna S Leo Del Puerto Yolanda Y Mateos Isabel I Rojo Enrique E Hernández Luis E LE Jarillo Jose A JA Piñeiro Manuel M Paz-Ares Javier J Leyva Antonio A

The Plant cell 20130806 8

Stress constantly challenges plant adaptation to the environment. Of all stress types, arsenic was a major threat during the early evolution of plants. The most prevalent chemical form of arsenic is arsenate, whose similarity to phosphate renders it easily incorporated into cells via the phosphate transporters. Here, we found that arsenate stress provokes a notable transposon burst in plants, in coordination with arsenate/phosphate transporter repression, which immediately restricts arsenate upt ...[more]

PMID: 23922208

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Project description:Arsenic is an ubiquitous contaminant and a toxic metalloid which presents two main redox states in nature: arsenite [AsIII] and arsenate [AsV]. Arsenic resistance in Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 is mediated by the arsBHC operon and two additional arsenate reductases encoded by the arsI1 and arsI2 genes. Here we describe the genome-wide responses in response to the presence of arsenate and arsenite in wild type and in mutants in the arsenic resistance system. Both forms of arsenic produced similar responses in the wild type strain including induction of several stress related genes and repression of energy generation processes. The responses observed in the arsB mutant strain were similar to the wild type in short term but were maintained in time while they were only transient in the wild type strain. In contrast, the responses observed in a strain lacking all arsenate reductases (the SARS12 strain) were somewhat different and included lower induction of genes involved in metal homeostasis and Fe-S cluster biogenesis. These results suggest that these two processes are targeted by arsenite in the wild type strain. Finally, analysis of the arsR mutant strain revealed that ArsR seems to only control 5 genes in the genome. Furthermore, over-expression of ArsB conferred hypersentivity to nickel, copper and cadmium in an arsR mutant strain. Analysis of genome-wide gene expression patterns in response to arsenic in WT and mutants involved in arsenic detoxification in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp PCC 6803. Cells treated with arsenate or arsenite for 1h. Details: WT cells were treated with 1 mM arsenite for 1 h and its expression profile compared to untreated cells (grown in BG11C media). The effects of arsenate were analyzed in the same way but using a modified BG11C media that constains 15% of the normal phosphate concentration (BG11C low phosphate). A reduction in the phosphate concentration in the media is essential to detect grow inhibition after arsenate addition. In the same way that for arsenite cells were treated with 50 mM arsenate for 1 h and their expression profile was compared to untreated cells. Expression profiles of mutant strains lacking arsB gene (SARSB strain; this strain is hypersensitive to arsenite because it lacks the arsenite exporter) or arsR gene (SARSR strain; this strain expresses the arsBHC constitutively) in control conditions and in response to arsenite addition were also analyzed. In addition the expression profiles of a mutant lacking arsenate reductases (SARS12 strain that has interrupted arsC, arsI1 and arsI2 genes; this strain is hypersensitive to arsenate) were analyzed in both control conditions and after addition of 50 mM arsenate.

Project description:ABSTRACT: Inorganic arsenic is a carcinogen and its ingestion in foods such as rice presents a significant risk to human health. Plants chemically reduce arsenate to arsenite. Using genome-wide association (GWA) mapping of loci controlling natural variation in arsenic accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana allowed us to identify the arsenate reductase required for this reduction, which we named High Arsenic Content1 (HAC1). Complementation verified the identity of HAC1, and expression in Escherichia coli lacking a functional arsenate reductase confirmed the arsenate reductase activity of HAC1. The HAC1 protein accumulates in the epidermis, the outer cell layer of the root, and also in the pericycle cells surrounding the central vascular tissue. Plants lacking HAC1 lose their ability to efflux arsenite from roots, leading to both increased transport of arsenic into the central vascular tissue and on into the shoot. HAC1 therefore functions to reduce arsenate to arsenite in the outer cell layer of the root, facilitating efflux of arsenic as arsenite back into the soil to limit its accumulation in the root and transport to the shoot. Arsenate reduction by HAC1 in the pericycle may play a role in limiting arsenic loading into the xylem. Loss of HAC1 encoded arsenic reduction leads to a significant increase in arsenic accumulation in shoots causing an increased sensitivity to arsenate toxicity. We also confirmed the previous observation that the ACR2 arsenate reductase in A. thaliana plays no detectable role in arsenic metabolism. Further, ACR2 does not interact epistatically with HAC1, since arsenic metabolism in the acr2 hac1 double mutant is disrupted in an identical manner to that described for the hac1 single mutant. Our identification of HAC1 and its associated natural variation provides an important new resource for the development of low arsenic containing food stuffs such as rice. Hybridizations from a set of Bulk Segregant analysis. We measured the elemental profile of 315 F2 plants from a cross between the high arsenic Arabidopsis thaliana accession Kr-0 and the the low arsenic accession Col-0, data available at www.ionomicshub.org <http://www.ionomicshub.org>. Leaves from the 59 highest and 61 lowest arsenic accumulating plants (calculated as a percentage of the Col-0 accumulation in the same growth tray) were pooled and the genomic DNA was extracted using Qiagen kits.

Dataset Information

WRKY6 Transcription Factor Restricts Arsenate Uptake and Transposon Activation in Arabidopsis

Publications

WRKY6 transcription factor restricts arsenate uptake and transposon activation in Arabidopsis.

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