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Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Identification of anther expressing genes in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

ABSTRACT: This study was initiated with the objective of identifying the anther/tapetum specific promoters from cotton floral buds. Cotton is an important commercial crop. Hybrid cotton varieties are developed to obtain improved yield and fiber quality. Most of the hybrid seed production in cotton is carried out by hand emasculation, which requires large amount of manpower, resulting in high cost of hybrid seed. We are developing barnase-barstar based male sterility system, which would be a better alternative for hybrid development. The tapetum specific promoters are main requirement for such a system. The study was thus carried out to identify genes expressed in the anthers. Cotton bud sizes were correlated with tapetum development. RNA was isolated from following tissues: • Anther tissues from buds at pre-meiotic stage of development (Tapetum absent) • Buds without anther tissues at pre-meiotic stage of development • Anther tissues from buds during meiosis (Tapetum present) • Buds without anther tissues during meiosis • Anther tissues from buds at post-meiotic stage of development (Tapetum degenerated) • Buds without anther tissues at post-meiotic stage of development • Leaf tissues • Seedling 5 days after germination Biotin labeled cRNA was hybridized on Affymertix cotton Genechip Genome array following Affymetrix protocols. Three biological replicates were maintained.

ORGANISM(S): Gossypium hirsutum

SUBMITTER: Pradeep Burma

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-51779 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Identification of anther expressing genes in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)

Project description:This study was initiated with the objective of identifying the anther/tapetum specific promoters from cotton floral buds. Cotton is an important commercial crop. Hybrid cotton varieties are developed to obtain improved yield and fiber quality. Most of the hybrid seed production in cotton is carried out by hand emasculation, which requires large amount of manpower, resulting in high cost of hybrid seed. We are developing barnase-barstar based male sterility system, which would be a better alternative for hybrid development. The tapetum specific promoters are main requirement for such a system. The study was thus carried out to identify genes expressed in the anthers.

2013-10-31 | GSE51779 | GEO

Transcriptome analysis of multiple pre-meiotic anther stages and laser microdissected cell types in maize

Project description:Transcriptomes from multiple pre-meiotic stages of wild type, mac1, and msca1 maize anthers were characterized by microarray hybridization. The goal was to characterize the developmental progression as the anther specifies five cell types and grows rapidly precedeing meiotic entry. The stages characterized were immature anther primordia (0.15 mm long in maize) containing just stem cells, through somatic and germinal cell fate specification (0.20 and 0.25 mm), mitotic proliferation (0.4 mm), and finally the birth of the middle layer and tapetum (0.7 mm). To obtain cell-type specific markers, at 0.7 mm we also compared whole anthers to collections of laser-microdissected anther cell types including the archesporial cells (pre-meiotic germinal cells), nutritive layers (middle layer and tapetum) and structural layers (endothecium and epidemis) of the anther lobe. keyword: anther development, maize, male-sterile Three loop designs covered the early stages (up to 0.7 mm) with two replicates for each comparison. The first loop had 0.2 mm long anthers and compared wild type versus mac1 mutant versus msca1 mutant in a three vertex loop design. The second loop had four vertices and compared 0.15 mm WT anther primordia, 0.25 mm WT anthers, 0.4 mm WT anthers and finally 0.4 mm mac1 mutant anthers. The third had 0.7 mm anthers in a three vertex loop with the nutritive layers (middle layer and tapetum) at one vertex, the germinal pre-meiotic cells at another vertex, and whole anthers at a third vertex. The whole anther samples were also, separately and outside of the loop, compared in four replicates to the structural layers (endothecium and epidermis).

2013-05-01 | E-GEOD-43982 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Comparative expression profiling of miRNA during anther development in genetic male sterile and wild type cotton [small RNA]

Project description:Genetic male sterility (GMS) in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) plays an important role in the utilization of hybrid vigor. However, the molecular mechanism of the GMS is still unclear. While numerous studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNA) regulate flower and anther development, whether different small RNA regulations exist in GMS and its wild type is unclear. To investigate the global expression and complexity of small RNAs during cotton anther development, three small RNA libraries were constructed from the anthers of three development stages each from fertile wild type (WT) and its GMS mutant cotton. Examination of different miRNA profiles in 2 lines.

2013-07-28 | E-GEOD-43531 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Separated Transcriptomes of Male Gametophyte and Tapetum in Rice

Project description:In flowering plants, the male gametophyte, the pollen, develops in the anther. Complex patterns of gene expression in both the gametophytic and sporophytic tissues of the anther regulate this process. The gene expression profiles of the microspore/pollen and the sporophytic tapetum are of particular interest. In this study, a microarray technique combined with laser microdissection (44K LM-microarray) was developed and used to characterize separately the transcriptomes of the microspore/pollen and tapetum in rice. Expression profiles of 11 known tapetum specific-genes were consistent with previous reports. Based on the spatiotemporal expression patterns and gene ontology (GO) categories of anther-expressed genes, some noteworthy expression patterns are discussed in connection with various important biological events of anther development. The separated transcriptomes of rice microspore/pollen and tapetum were measured at the premeiosis, meiosis, tetrad, uninuclear, bicellular, and tricelluar stages by using laser microdissection (LM)-mediated microarray.

2011-05-12 | E-GEOD-29217 | biostudies-arrayexpress

The proteome of developing barley anthers during meiotic prophase I

Project description:In the current project, we aimed to discover how the barley anther proteome changes, both quantitatively and qualitatively, during meiotic prophase I when the important process of homologous recombination is taking place. Taking advantage of a recently published barley anther transcriptomic dataset (BAnTr) and a newly developed sensitive mass spectrometry-based approach to analyse barley anther proteome, we have conducted high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis of barley anthers, collected at 6 time points and representing their development from pre-meiosis to metaphase. Each time point was carefully staged using immunocytology. We identified >6400 proteins, including 82 known and putative meiotic proteins, and were able to quantify dynamic variation in the proteome during different stages of barley anther development.

2022-04-04 | PXD026200 | Pride

Hypoxia triggers meiotic fate acquisition in maize

Project description:Evidence from confocal microscopic reconstruction of maize anther development in fertile, mac1 (excess germ cells) and msca1 (no germ cells) flowers indicates that the male germ line is multiclonal and uses the MAC1 protein to organize the somatic niche. Furthermore, we identified redox status as a determinant of germ cell fate, defining a mechanism distinct from the animal germ cell lineage. Decreasing oxygen or H2O2 increases germ cell numbers, stimulates superficial germ cell formation, and rescues germinal differentiation in msca1 flowers. Conversly, oxidizing environments inhibit germ cell specification and cause ectopic differentiation in deeper tissues. We propose that hypoxia, arising naturally within growing anther tissue, acts as a positional cue to set germ cell fate. key words: anther development, maize, male-sterile Two replicates of laser microdissected pre-meiotic cells were compared to two replicates of whole anthers, which contains pre-meiotic cells and somatic cells, from the same developmental stage and individual wild type plants. In another experiment, laser microdissected pre-meiotic cells from wild type (mac1-heterozygous) anthers were compared to laser microdissected pre-meiotic cells from mac1 (mutant) anthers.

2012-07-04 | E-GEOD-39101 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Analyses Reveal Extensive Phosphorylation of Regulatory Proteins in Developing Rice Anthers

Project description:Anther development, particularly around the time of meiosis, is extremely crucial for plant sexual reproduction. Meanwhile, cell-to-cell communication between somatic (especial tapetum) cells and meiocytes are important for both somatic anther development and meiosis. To investigate possible molecular mechanisms involved in protein activities during anther development, we applied high-resolution mass spectrometry-based proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses for developing rice (Oryza sativa) anthers around the time of meiosis (RAM). In total, we identified 4,984 proteins and 3,203 phosphoproteins with 8,973 unique phosphorylation sites (p-sites). Among those detected here, 1,544 phosphoproteins are currently absent in the Plant Protein Phosphorylation DataBase (P3DB), substantially enriching plant phosphorylation information. Mapman enrichment analysis showed that “DNA repair”, “transcription regulation” and “signalling” related proteins were over-represented in the phosphorylated proteins. Ten genetically identified rice meiotic proteins were detected to be phosphorylated at a total of 25 p-sites; moreover more than 400 meiotically expressed proteins were revealed to be phosphorylated and their phosphorylation sites were precisely assigned. 163 putative secretory proteins, possibly functioning in cell-to-cell communication, are also phosphorylated. Furthermore, we showed that DNA synthesis, RNA splicing and RNA-directed DNA methylation pathways are extensively affected by phosphorylation. In addition, our data support forty-six kinase-substrate pairs predicted by the rice Kinase-Protein Interaction Map, with SnRK1 substrates highly enriched. Taken together, our data revealed extensive protein phosphorylation during anther development, suggesting an important post-translational modification mechanism for protein activity.

2021-01-13 | PXD002756 | Pride

Transcriptome analysis of multiple pre-meiotic anther stages and laser microdissected cell types in maize

2013-05-01 | GSE43982 | GEO

Microarray Analysis of myb80 versus Wild-Type Anthers

Project description:Arabidopsis thaliana MYB80 (formerly MYB103) is expressed in the tapetum and microspores between anther developmental stages 6 and 10. MYB80 encodes a MYB transcription factor that is essential for tapetal and pollen development. In order to identify the genes regulated by MYB80, microarray technology was employed to analyze the expression levels of genes that were differentially regulated in the myb80 mutant and wild- type anthers. Plant Cell 23:2209–2224 (2011) three mutant chips vs three wild-type chips

2013-12-05 | E-GEOD-53016 | biostudies-arrayexpress

24-nt phasiRNAs move from tapetal to meiotic cells in maize anthers

Project description:In maize, 24-nt phased, secondary small interfering RNAs (phasiRNAs) are abundant in meiotic stage anthers, but their distribution and functions are not precisely known. Using laser capture microdissection we analyzed tapetal cells, meiocytes, and other somatic cells at several stages of anther development to establish the timing of 24-PHAS precursor transcripts and the 24-nt phasiRNA products. By integrating RNA and small RNA (sRNA) profiling plus single-molecule and sRNA FISH (smFISH or sRNA-FISH) spatial detection, we demonstrate that the tapetum is the primary site of 24-PHAS precursor and Dcl5 transcripts and the resulting 24-nt phasiRNAs. Interestingly, 24-nt phasiRNAs accumulate in all cell types, with the highest levels in meiocytes, followed by tapetum. Our data support the conclusion that 24-nt phasiRNAs are mobile from tapetum to meiocytes and to other somatic cells. We discuss possible roles for 24-nt phasiRNAs in anther cell types.

2022-03-23 | GSE182588 | GEO

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