Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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K1 and K15 of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus are functional homologues of latent membrane protein 2A of Epstein-Barr virus

ABSTRACT: LMP2A of Epstein-Barr virus is a receptor that mimics an activated B cell receptor, BCR. K1 and K15, related receptors of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus, KSHV, are expressed in virus-associated tumors but their functions are less obvious. We addressed this uncertainty with mutant EBVs encoding the KSHV genes K1 or K15 in lieu of LMP2A and infected primary human B cells with them. K1 and K15 encoded proteins appear to have noncomplementing redundant functions in this model but our findings suggest that both KSHV proteins can replace LMP2AM-bM-^@M-^Ys key activities contributing to the survival, activation and proliferation of B cells. We infected unsorted B cells with the four virus stocks, wt EBV, K1 EBV, K15 EBV or M-NM-^TLMP2A EBV, adjusted to yield similar rates of EBV-activated and growth transformed B cells. Eight days p.i. activated B cells in the lymphocyte gate were collected by FACS sorting and their RNAs analyzed with the aid of the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Gene 1.0 ST Array covering the whole transcriptome of approx. 29,000 annotated human genes. B cell preparations from four different donors were infected and analyzed accordingly.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

SUBMITTER: Dominik Lutter

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-53914 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:Abstract: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects germinal center (GC) B cells and establishes persistent infection in memory B cells. EBV-infected B cells sometimes cause B cell malignancies in humans with T- or NK-cell deficiency. We now find EBV-encoded Latent Membrane Protein 2A (LMP2A) to mimic B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling in murine GC B cells, causing altered humoral immune responses and autoimmune diseases. Investigation of the impact of LMP2A on B cell differentiation in mice that conditionally express LMP2A in GC B cells, or all B-lineage cells, found LMP2A expression enhanced not only BCR signals but also plasma-cell differentiation, in vitro and in vivo. Conditional LMP2A expression in GC B cells resulted in preferential selection of low-affinity antibody–producing B-cells despite apparently normal GC formation. GC B cell-specific LMP2A expression led to systemic lupus erythematosus-like autoimmune phenotypes in an age-dependent manner. Epigenetic profiling of LMP2A B cells found increased H3K27ac and H3K4me1 signals at the Zbtb20 locus. We conclude that LMP2A reduces the stringency of GC B cell selection and may contribute to persistent EBV infection and pathogenesis by providing GC B cells with pro-survival signals. Significance Statement: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus that establishes persistent infection of the B-cell compartment. EBV is associated with autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the molecular mechanisms by which EBV contributes to autoimmunity remain unclear. We used transgenic mouse models to study the role of EBV-encoded Latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A), which mimics B-cell receptor signaling.　Interestingly, LMP2A not only enhanced B-cell survival, but also upregulated the transcription factor Zbtb20 and promoted plasma cell differentiation. When expressed late in B-cell development, LMP2A also caused prominent features of SLE, including autoantibody production with kidney immune complex deposition. Our findings suggest that LMP2A has important roles in B cell activation, differentiation and the development of EBV-associated autoimmune diseases.

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K1 and K15 of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus are functional homologues of latent membrane protein 2A of Epstein-Barr virus

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