Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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The immediate global responses of Aliivibrio salmonicida to iron limitations

ABSTRACT: Iron is an essential micronutrient for all living organisms, and sequestering of iron and the virulence of pathogenic bacteria are believed to be correlated. As the defense mechanisms, potential hosts therefore keep the level of free iron inside the body to a minimum. The iron metabolism is well studied in general for several pathogens of humans and animals, but it is still mostly unclear how gene expression levels change in pathogens during the initial stages of infections. In this work, using Aliivibrio salmonicida we studied the immediate changes in transcription levels in response to a sudden decrease in iron levels. Microarray technology was used to monitor global changes in transcriptional levels. Cultures of A. salmonicida were grown to mid log phase before the iron chelator 2,2M-bM-^@M-^Y-dipyridyl was added and samples were collected after 15 minutes of growth. Using our statistical cut-off values, we retrieved thirty-two differentially expressed genes where the most up-regulated genes belong to an operon encoding proteins responsible for producing the siderophore bisucaberin. Six biological replicates of A. salmonicida wild type strain LFI1238 were grown in suspension in LB medium, at 8 M-BM-0C , 200 rpm and split in two halves at OD600nm 0.5, keeping one half of each replicate as control (still growing while the treated samples were growing with 2,2-dipyridyl treatment) while the other half were treated with 50M-BM-5M 2,2-dipyridyl for 15 minutes.

ORGANISM(S): Aliivibrio salmonicida LFI1238

SUBMITTER: Espen Robertsen

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-57996 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:Xylella fastidiosa is the etiologic agent of a wide range of plant diseases including citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC), a major threat to the Brazilian citrus industry. Genome sequences of several strains of this phytopathogen are accessible, enabling large-scale functional studies. Transcript levels in different iron availabilities were assessed with DNA microarrays representing 2608 (91.6%) coding sequences (CDS) of X. fastidiosa CVC strain 9a5c. When treated with the iron chelator 2,2-dipyridyl, 193 CDS were considered as up-regulated and 216 as down-regulated. In the presence of 100uM of ferric pyrophosphate, 218 and 256 CDS were considered as up- and down-regulated, respectively. Differential expression for a subset of 44 CDS was further evaluated by reverse transcription - quantitative PCR that showed a Pearson correlation of 0.77 with array results. The CDS differentially expressed upon the iron concentration shift participate in diverse cellular functions. Many CDS involved with regulatory functions, pathogenicity and cell structure, were modulated in both conditions tested suggesting that major changes in cell architecture and metabolism occur when X. fastidiosa cells are exposed to extreme variations in iron concentration. Interestingly, the modulated CDS include those related to colicin V-like bacteriocin synthesis and secretion and to pili/fimbriae functions. We also investigated the contribution of the ferric uptake regulator Fur to the iron regulon of X. fastidiosa. The promoter regions of strain 9a5c genome were screened for putative Fur boxes and candidates were analyzed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Taken together, our data support the hypothesis that Fur is not solely responsible for the modulation of the iron regulon of X. fastidiosa and present novel evidence for iron regulation of pathogenicity determinants. Keywords: stress response; response to iron-depleted condition Direct comparison between low iron content (200uM 2,2-dipyridyl) and control condition. Hybridizations are dye-swaped. There are 2 biological replicates (independent harvest) and 2 technical replicates of each array (L - left and R - right).

Project description:In the alpha subclass of proteobacteria iron homeostasis is controlled by diverse iron responsive regulators. Caulobacter crescentus, an important freshwater Î±-proteobacterium, uses the ferric uptake repressor (Fur) for such purpose. However, the impact of the iron availability on the C. crescentus transcriptome and an overall perspective of the regulatory networks involved remain unknown. In this work we report the identification of iron-responsive and Fur-regulated genes in C. crescentus using microarray-based global transcriptional analyses. We identify 46 genes that were strongly upregulated both by mutation of fur and by iron limitation condition. Among them, there are genes involved in iron uptake (four TonB dependent receptor gene clusters, feoAB), riboflavin biosynthesis and some genes encoding hypothetical proteins. Most of these genes are associated with Fur binding sites, implicating them as direct targets of Fur-mediated repression. These data were validated by Î²-galactosidase and EMSA assays for two operons encoding putative transporters. The role of Fur as a positive regulator is also evident, given that 50 genes were downregulated both by mutation of fur and under low-iron condition. As expected, this group includes many genes involved in energy metabolism, mostly iron-using enzymes. Surprisingly, are also included in this group many genes encoding TonB dependent receptors and the genes fixK, fixT and ftrB encoding an oxygen signaling network required for growth during hypoxia. Bioinformatics analyses performed in the promoters of these genes suggest that positive regulation by Fur is mainly indirect. In addition to the Fur modulon, iron limitation altered expression of more 103 genes, including upregulation of genes involved in Fe-S cluster assembly, oxidative stress and heat shock response, as well as downregulation of genes implicated in amino acid metabolism, chemotaxis and motility. Altogether, our results showed that adaptation of C. crescentus to iron limitation involves increasing the transcription of iron-acquisition systems and decreasing the production of iron-using proteins as a general strategy Two experimental procedures, each of them performed in two replicates. A total of four independent biological samples were used

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The immediate global responses of Aliivibrio salmonicida to iron limitations

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