A secreted effector protein of Ustilago maydis guides maize leaf cells to form tumors
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Zea mays
SUBMITTER: Gunther Doehlemann
PROVIDER: E-GEOD-63077 | biostudies-arrayexpress |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress
Similar Datasets
Project description:Zea mays transcriptome profiling of infected seedlings by the Ustilago maydis wildtype and the seedling specific effector mutant demonstrated the variation of gene expression in the mutant and the classes of genes that are absent in the mutant as compared to the wildtype U. maydis SG200 strain. Two dye competitive hybridizations were performed on Agilent Oligo arrays.
2015-03-09 | GSE63077 | GEO
Project description:Anthocyanin induction in plant is considered a general defense response against biotic and abiotic stresses. The infection by Ustilago maydis, the corn smut pathogen, is accompanied with anthocyanin induction in leaf tissue. We revealed that anthocyanin is intentionally induced by the virulence promoting secreted effector protein Tin2. Tin2 protein functions inside plant cells where it interacts with cytoplasmic maize protein kinase ZmTTK1. Tin2 masks an ubiquitin-proteasome degradation motif in ZmTTK1 leading to a more stable active kinase. Active ZmTTK1 controls transcriptional activation of genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway rerouting phenylalanine away from lignin biosynthesis. Therefore, we performed microarray analysis to understand how maize gene transcription in phenylpropanoid pathway is differentially changed after infection with Ustilago maydis SG200 (wild type) and SG200Dtin2 (anthocyanin-inducing effector mutant). We prepared three biological replicates for mock-inoculated maize (control), SG200-infected maize and SG200M-NM-^Ttin2-infected maize. For 1 sample, we harvested the leaves (1-3cm below injection hole) from 20 plants and pooled them. At 4 days post inoculation, total RNA was extracted.
2014-01-28 | E-GEOD-48536 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Two-organism transcriptome profiling of infected seedling, adult leaf, and tassel demonstrated that both the host and pathogen exhibit organ-specific expression programs. Phenotypic screening of U. maydis mutants deleted for suites of secreted protein genes and maize growth mutants demonstrated organ-restricted tumorigenesis. Two-dye, competitive hybridizations were performed on Agilent oligo arrays. Keywords: maize, pathogen, fungus, Ustilago, organ-specificity Comparisons were done 1) between mock and infected samples at 1dpi and 3dpi for seedlings and at 3dpi and 9dpi for adult leave and tassels, 2) between the three 3dpi infected samples, 3) between timepoints of infected samples.
2010-04-01 | E-GEOD-20130 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Goals: Comparing the infection between Ustilago maydis SG200 with the wild-type strain FB1xFB2 previously published Methods: Comparative RNASeq analysis between U. maydis SG200 and U. maydis FB1xFB2 at three timepoints (axenic, 2dpi, 12dpi) Results: The RNASeq analysis in SG200 identifies differences in gene expression with FB1xFB2. These differences could be the result of a unequal contribution of each nuclei to transcription. Further analysis identified a set of differentially transcribed genes.
2022-12-24 | GSE122788 | GEO
Project description:Anthocyanin induction in plant is considered a general defense response against biotic and abiotic stresses. The infection by Ustilago maydis, the corn smut pathogen, is accompanied with anthocyanin induction in leaf tissue. We revealed that anthocyanin is intentionally induced by the virulence promoting secreted effector protein Tin2. Tin2 protein functions inside plant cells where it interacts with cytoplasmic maize protein kinase ZmTTK1. Tin2 masks an ubiquitin-proteasome degradation motif in ZmTTK1 leading to a more stable active kinase. Active ZmTTK1 controls transcriptional activation of genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway rerouting phenylalanine away from lignin biosynthesis. Therefore, we performed microarray analysis to understand how maize gene transcription in phenylpropanoid pathway is differentially changed after infection with Ustilago maydis SG200 (wild type) and SG200Dtin2 (anthocyanin-inducing effector mutant).
2014-01-28 | GSE48536 | GEO
Project description:Many of the genes coding for secreted protein effectors are arranged in gene clusters in the genome of the biotrophic plant pathogen Ustilago maydis. The largest of these gene clusters, cluster 19A, encodes 24 secreted effectors. Deletion of the entire cluster results in severe attenuation of virulence. The generation and analysis strains carrying sub-deletions identified 9 genes significantly contributing to tumor formation after seedling infection. As the individual contributions of these genes to tumor formation were small, we studied the response of maize plants to the whole cluster mutant as well as to several individual mutants by array analysis. This revealed distinct plant responses, demonstrating that the respective effectors have discrete plant targets. Many of the genes coding for secreted protein effectors are arranged in gene clusters in the genome of the biotrophic plant pathogen Ustilago maydis. The largest of these gene clusters, cluster 19A, encodes 24 secreted effectors. Deletion of the entire cluster results in severe attenuation of virulence. The generation and analysis strains carrying sub-deletions identified 9 genes significantly contributing to tumor formation after seedling infection. As the individual contributions of these genes to tumor formation were small, we studied the response of maize plants to the whole cluster mutant as well as to several individual mutants by array analysis. This revealed distinct plant responses, demonstrating that the respective effectors have discrete plant targets. We used the Affymetrix maize genome array to analyze the transcriptional responses of maize to cluster 19A mutants and individual sub-deletions for the cluster 19A genes tin1, tin3, tin4 and tin5. We found plant responses to the mutants were significantly different although the macroscopic phenotypes of the individual mutants were very similar. U. maydis infected parts of maize seedling leaves were dissected 4 days after inoculation with strain SG200∆19A, SG200∆tin1, SG200∆tin3, SG200∆tin4 and SG200∆tin5, respectively. We previously submitted data of maize leaves that were treated with the progenitor wild type strain SG200 as well as mock-infections under identical experimetal conditions (GEO: GSE10023). These data served as controls for this experiment.
2014-09-01 | E-GEOD-48406 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Ustilago maydis is a basidiomycete fungus that causes smut disease in maize. Most prominent symptoms of the disease are plant tumors, which can be induced by U. maydis on all aerial parts of the plant. We identified two linked genes, pit1 and pit2, which are specifically expressed during plant colonization. Deletion mutants for either pit1 or pit2 are unable to induce tumor development and elicit plant defense responses. We used the Affymetrix maize genome array to analyze the transcriptional responses of maize to deletion pit1 and pit2 mutants and found plant responses to both mutants being not significantly distinguishable. U. maydis infected parts of maize seedling leaves were dissected 4 days after inoculation with strain SG200Dpit1 and SG200Dpit2, respectively. We previously submitted data of maize leaves that were treated with the progenitor wild type strain SG200 as well as mock-infections under identical experimetal conditions (GEO: GSE10023, 4d mock and 4d SG200 Samples, equivalent record in Arrayexpress: E-GEOD-10023). These data served as controls for this experiment.
2011-07-01 | E-GEOD-28479 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The fungal pathogen Ustilago maydis establishes a biotrophic relationship with its host plant maize. Hallmarks of the disease are large plant tumors in which fungal proliferation occurs. Plants have developed various defense pathways to cope with pathogens. We used microarrays to detail the global programme of gene expression during the infection process of Ustilago maydis in its host plant to get insights into the defense programs and the metabolic reprogramming needed to supply the fungus with nutrients. Experiment Overall Design: In three independent experiments plants were infected with the solopathogenic U. maydis strain SG200. Samples from infected leaves were taken at 12 and 24 hours post infection, as well as 2, 4 and 8 days post infection. Samples from uninfected control plants were taken at the same time points.
2008-04-07 | E-GEOD-10023 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Ustilago maydis causes common smut in maize, which is characterized by tumor formation in aerial parts of maize. Tumor comes from the de novo cell division of highly developed bundle sheath and subsequent cell enlargement. However, its mechanism is still unknown. Here, we characterize the U. maydis effector Sts2 (Small tumor on seedlings 2), which promotes the division of hyperplasia tumor cells. Upon infection, Sts2 is translocated into maize cell nucleus, where it acts as a transcriptional activator, and the transactivation activity is crucial for its virulence function. Sts2 interacts with ZmNECAP1, a yet undescribed plant transcriptional activator, and it activates the expression of several leaf developmental regulators to potentiate tumor formation. Contrary, a suppressive Sts2-SRDX inhibits the tumor formation by SG200 in a dominant negative way, underpinning the central role of Sts2 for tumorigenesis. Our results not only disclosed the virulence mechanism of a tumorigenic effector, but also revealed the essential role of leaf developmental regulators in pathogen-induced tumor formation.
2023-10-12 | PXD040350 | Pride
Project description:The phenolic compound salicylic acid (SA) is a key signaling molecule regulating local and systemic plant defense responses against biotrophs. Many microbial organisms, including pathogens, share the ability to degrade SA. However, the mechanism by which they perceive SA is unknown. We showed that Ustilago maydis, the causal agent of corn smut disease, employs a so far uncharacterized SA sensing mechanism. We identified and characterized the novel SA sensing regulator, Rss1, a binuclear zinc cluster protein with dual functions as putative SA receptor and transcriptional activator. To determine global transcriptional changes between the rss1 deletion mutant SG200∆rss1 and its progenitor strain SG200 during biotrophic growth and to identify potential Rss1 target genes, we conducted a microarray analysis at four days post infection. We identified only nine genes that were differentially regulated (adjusted p-value < 0.05), six of those were significantly repressed while three were significantly induced in SG200∆rss1. This set includes genes important for SA and tryptophan degradation indicating that Rss1 could play a role in the regulation of respective metabolic processes.
2016-06-23 | GSE83576 | GEO