Transcriptional profiles of T.rubrum treated with PHS11A
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ABSTRACT: A cDNA microarray was constructed from the expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of different developmental stages, and transcriptional profiles of the responses to PHS11A, a fatty acid synthase inhibitor, were determined. The expression profiles of Trichophyton rubrum treated with PHS11A were compared to those of Trichophyton rubrum without drug. Each treatment has three replicates.
Project description:T. rubrum was treated with PH11B,a potent eucaryotic fatty acid synthase inhibtor. A cDNA microarray was constructed from the expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of different developmental stages, and transcriptional profiles of the responses to PH11B were determined. Some class-specific and mechanism-independent changes in gene expression were found. Keywords: fatty acid synthase inhibition The expression profiles of Trichophyton rubrum treated with PH11B were compared to those of Trichophyton rubrum without drug. Each treatment has three replicates.
Project description:One antifungal agent, terbinafine(TRB), has specific activity against dermatophytes.A cDNA microarray was constructed from the expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of different developmental stages, and transcriptional profiles of the responses to TRB were determined. Some class-specific and mechanism-independent changes in gene expression were found. Keywords: original article The expression profiles of Trichophyton rubrum treated with TRB were compared to those of Trichophyton rubrum without drug. Each treatment has three replicates.
Project description:Trichophyton rubrum, an anthropophilic and cosmopolitan fungus, is the most common agent of superficial mycoses, causing rarely deep dermatophytosis in immunocompromised hosts. In this study, an infection condition of T. rubrum was modeled by adding human skin sections into a limited medium containing glucose to monitor T. rubrum gene expression patterns using cDNA microarrays on a global level. We found that exposure to human skin resulted in up-regulation of the expression levels of T. rubrum genes related to many cellular and biological processes, including transcription and translation, metabolism and secondary transport, stress response, and signaling pathways. These results provide a reference set of T. rubrum genes whose expression patterns change upon infection and reveal previously unknown genes that probably corresponding to proteins that should be considered as virulence factor candidates and potential new drug targets for T. rubrum infections.
Project description:A cDNA microarray was constructed from the expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of different developmental stages, and comparative genome hybridization based on microarray procedures were carried out. Dermatophyte species are classified into three genera: Epidermophyton, Microsporum, and Trichophyton. To determine the relationship between these three groups comparative genome hybridization were used in our experiment. Trichophyton rubrum genmic DNA was reference DNA and labelled by Cy3 while the other dermatophytes genomic DNA were test DNA and labelled by CY5. Test and reference DNA were co-hybridized with the T. rubrum cDNA microarray and the numbers of genes shared between each species and T. rubrum were determined. Keywords: Comparative Genomic Hybridization We used a Trichophyton rubrum cDNA microarray prepared in our lab through comparative genome hybridization of genomic DNA of 21 dermatophyte strains (belonging to 20 species) to elucidate the taxonomy and evolution profiles of 20 dermatophyte species. The numbers of genes shared between each species and T. rubrum were determined. Each strain DNA hybridized for 3 times. The slides were separated into three groups base on different datasets.
Project description:A whole genome DNA microarray was used to undertake a global transcriptional analysis of nitrogen fixation and ammonium repression in Pseudomonas stutzeri A1501. The aim of this study was to identify the genes that are up-regulated under nitrogen fixation conditions and rapidly down-regulated as soon as 10 min after ammonia shock. The expression changed genes may be the candidate genes for the ammonia signal transmission or be involved in the nitrogen regulatory mechanism. First, P. stutzeri A1501 was treated with 0.1 mM ammonia and 0.5% Oxygen tension until the nitrogenase activity was detectable. Then the cells were sudden shifted from the nitrogen fixation conditions to the ammonia repression conditions by addition of 20 mM ammonia for 10min. Subsequently, the bacterium was collected and began the RNA extraction process. Thus, we compare the expression profilings in these two conditions in order to identify the candidate genes.
Project description:Nitrogen fixation is a highly energy-demanding process and highly regulated at multiple levels. The two major signals that regulate nitrogen fixation in most diazotrophs are oxygen and ammonia. In order to study the complex regulated mechanism and to highlight the complete nitrogen fixing system in genome level, here we present the transcriptional profiles of the nitrogen fixation genes of P.stutzeri A1501 in different growth conditions with a genome-wide DNA microarray. In this study, the three samples of "P.stutzeri A1501 treated with 0.1mM ammonia and 0.5% Oxygen tension","P.stutzeri A1501 treated with 0.1mM ammonia and 0.5% Oxygen tension-2" and "P.stutzeri A1501 treated with 0.1mM ammonia and 0.5% Oxygen tension-3" were three repeat experiments, while, the other three samples of "P.stutzeri A1501 treated with 20mM ammonia and 0.5% Oxygen tension-1", "P.stutzeri A1501 treated with 20mM ammonia and 0.5% Oxygen tension-2" and "P.stutzeri A1501 treated with 20mM ammonia and 0.5% Oxygen tension-3" were three repeat experiments. The gene expressions under these two growth phases were compared to investigate which genes' expression were effected by different ammonia concentrations. Keywords: nitrogen fixation, nitrogen repression P.stutzeri whole genome microarray, which was based on our sequenced strain A1501. The microarray used in this study featured 3988 of the 4145 ORFs identified in P.stutzeri strain A1501, because 157 ORFs were not on the microarray of the inability to amplify these products. ORFs were amplified with specific primer pairs (Invitrogen). To ensure that the elements of our array would detect specifically their corresponding genes and no others, the ORF coordinates fed into the primer program were circumscribed such that they would exclude regions of any ORF that contained significant similarity to any other ORF. Agarose gel electrophoresis was used to perform quality control on all PCR products. Oligonucleotides were removed from the PCR mix by PCR 96 cleanup plate (Millipore). DNA was resuspended in 12 μl of spotting solution containing 50% dimethyl sulfoxide. PCR products were spotted onto gamma amino propylsilan coated GAPII slides (Corning) with a OmniGrid ⢠microarrayer (GeneMachines).The negative control genes were from the type III secretion system genes of shigella flexneri 2a and the commercial Arabidopsis genes (SpotReport⢠cDNA Array Validation System, Stratagene). The positive control genes were from the 16S rRNA of P.stutzeri A1501. We used Cy3-labeled genomic DNA and Cy5 dye-labeled cDNA, for hybridization. The cDNA was synthesized by reverse transcription of 5 μg of total RNA. The labeled cDNA and genomic DNA samples were mixed and hybridized at 65â for 16 hours. Genomic DNA was used as a universal internal control for the quality of the microarray and also allowed for the comparison of results across multiple experiments. Each experiment was repeated three times from the beginning of inoculation.
Project description:Due to the lack of controlled microarray experimental data, evaluation of gene identification methods has been performed using simulated data. As the ability of these approaches to mimic actual experimental data is questionable, conclusions drawn can be misleading. We applied spike-in approaches to develop experimental benchmark data and used it to evaluate various gene identification methods. mRNA that correspond to specific spots on a microarray were obtained by in-vitro transcription of selected clones. They were then spiked in at 11 varying concentrations to a common pool of mRNA, creating a set of known differentially expressed genes. mRNA was obtained from mouse ATCC CRL1606 hybridoma cells. From self hybridization results 200 genes that consistently exhibited a log ratio value close to 0 were randomly selected across a range of intensity. In-vitro transcripts of these 200 genes were obtained from their respective clones. From RNA gel electrophoresis and test array results, 169 of the 200 transcripts were deemed successful. Experiments were then conducted by spiking these 169 transcripts to the common pool of mRNA extracted from the hybridoma cells. With exception of the spiked in genes, the experimental set-up is identical to a self hybridization. This experiment is thus different from other microarray experiments as the set of differentially expressed genes is known as they have been artificially created. Spiked in genes were introduced at 11 concentrations: 0pmol (self hybridization), 0.025pmol, 0.05pmol, 0.10pmol, 0.15pmol, 0.20pmol, 0.25pmol, 0.5pmol, 0.75pmol 1pmol and 2pmol. For concentrations 0pmol, 0.05pmol, 0.10pmol, 0.25pmol, 0.50pmol and 0.75pmol, 6 replicates were obtained. For concentrations 0.025pmol, 0.15pmol, 0.20pmol, 1pmol and 2pmol, 3 replicates were obtained. Dye swaps were not performed for these experiments.
Project description:D. yakuba, D. simulans, and D. sechellia gDNA competitively hybridized against D. melanogaster to evaluate aCGH as a means to identify diverged orthologs. 2 D. sechellia vs D. melanogaster hybs - with dye swap, 2 D. simulans vs D. melanogaster hybs with dye swap, and 8 D. yakuba vs D. melanogaster hybs with balanced dye swaps. D. yakuba vs. D. melanogaster were then analyzed in all 2,4,6,8 possible combinations that incorporated dye-swap to asses sources of variation.
Project description:Fly strains: All transgenes are P[+] in w strains. w+;+;Act 5c > CD2 > GAL4 UAS-GFP (Neufeld et al. 1998 ); y w hs-FLP122; +; UAS-dMyc (Zaffran et al. 1998 ). y w hs-FLP122; +; +. Adult flies and larvae were raised in regular fly food consisting of cornmeal and molasses at 25°C. Larvae overexpressing either UAS-regulated dMyc;GFP or GFP alone transgenes were generated using the Flp/Gal4 method (Struhl and Basler 1993 ; Pignoni and Zipursky 1997 ; Neufeld et al. 1998 ). Larvae were staged from hatching and raised at a density of 50 per vial at 25°C. Third instar larvae (110 h after egg deposition, AED) were heat shocked at 37°C for 2 h, and larvae were collected 7 h after heat shock (~120 h AED). Total RNA was isolated using TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen) as described by manufacturer followed by RNeasy (Qiagen) clear up. cRNA targets were generated using a standard amino-allyl labeling protocol, where 30 µg each of "experimental" (dMyc;GFP: hs-FLP122; Act-GAL4, UAS-GFP; UAS-dMyc) and "reference" (GFP only :ywhs-FLP122; Act-GAL4, UAS-GFP; +) total RNAs were coupled to either Cy3 or Cy5 fluorophores. Paired labeled targets were processed on microarrays using protocols described elsewhere (Fazzio et al. 2001 ). Posthybridized arrays were scanned using a GenePix 4000 scanner (Axon Instruments). Data were generated from five independent replicates (two with one dye orientation and three with the reversed dye orientation) at 7h and 14h
Project description:D. yakuba, D. simulans, and D. melanogaster female gDNA hybridized with D. melanogaster male gDNA to assess aCGH as a means of identification of duplicated genes 6 D. melanogaster female vs D. melanogaster male hybs, 6 D. simulans female vs D. melanogaster male hybs, and 4 D. yakuba female vs D. melanogaster male hybs, all with balanced dye swaps