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Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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A comparison of physiological and transcriptome responses to water deprivation and salt loading in the rat supraoptic nucleus

ABSTRACT: Salt loading (SL) and water deprivation (WD) are experimental challenges that are often used to study the osmotic circuitry of the brain. Central to this circuit is the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus, which is responsible for the biosynthesis of the hormones, vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT), and their transport to terminals that reside in the posterior lobe of the pituitary. Upon osmotic challenge evoked by a change in blood volume or osmolality, the SON undergoes a function related plasticity that creates an environment that allows for an appropriate hormone response. Here, we have described the impact of SL and WD compared to euhydrated (EU) controls in terms of drinking and eating behaviour, body weight and recorded physiological data including circulating hormone data and plasma and urine osmolality. We have also used microarrays to profile the transcriptome of the SON following SL Microarrays were interrogated with RNA extracted from the supraoptic nucleus of either euhydrated (n=5) or 7-days salt loaded (2% w/v; n=5) rats. Each microarray represented an independent pool of 5 animals, and for each condition, 5 microarrays were performed.

ORGANISM(S): Rattus norvegicus

SUBMITTER: DAVID MURPHY

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-65663 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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A comparison of physiological and transcriptome responses to water deprivation and salt loading in the rat supraoptic nucleus

Project description:Salt loading (SL) and water deprivation (WD) are experimental challenges that are often used to study the osmotic circuitry of the brain. Central to this circuit is the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus, which is responsible for the biosynthesis of the hormones, vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT), and their transport to terminals that reside in the posterior lobe of the pituitary. Upon osmotic challenge evoked by a change in blood volume or osmolality, the SON undergoes a function related plasticity that creates an environment that allows for an appropriate hormone response. Here, we have described the impact of SL and WD compared to euhydrated (EU) controls in terms of drinking and eating behaviour, body weight and recorded physiological data including circulating hormone data and plasma and urine osmolality. We have also used microarrays to profile the transcriptome of the SON following SL

2015-02-05 | GSE65663 | GEO

Spatial multiomic analysis of synthesis, transport and secretion in the hypothalamus-neurohypophysial system

Project description:The cell bodies of hypothalamic magnocellular neurones (MCNs) are confined to the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON) whereas their axons project to the anatomically discrete posterior pituitary gland (PP). We have taken advantage of this unique anatomical structure to document proteome and phosphoproteome dynamics in neuronal cell bodies and axonal terminals in response to neuronal activation induced by water deprivation (WD). We have found that proteome and phosphoproteome responses to WD are very different between cell bodies and axonal terminals, indicating the need of each cell domain to differentially adapt in response to stimuli. Whilst changes in the proteome and phosphoproteome in the cell body are involved in protein synthesis and cytoskeleton reorganisation, respectively, in the axonal terminals they regulate synaptic vesicle cycle and secretion. Further, by comparison with transcriptome data, we have identified peptides that are not synthesised in the SON, but are present as a consequence of afferent delivery.

2023-07-13 | PXD033401 | Pride

NIA Neuroarray dehydration

Project description:The magnocellular neurons (MCNs) of the supraoptic nucleus (SON) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus are the principal site of biosynthesis of prepropeptide precursor of the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin (VP). This precursor is processed during anterograde axonal transportation to terminals in the posterior pituitary gland, where biologically active VP is stored until released into the general circulation in response to physiological activation of the SON by osmotic cues. By binding to V2-type receptors located in the kidney, VP decreases the amount of water lost in urine. Osmotic activation of the SON is accompanied by a dramatic morphological and functional remodelling. We have sought to understand the mechanistic basis of this plasticity in terms of the differential expression of genes. To identify such genes, we adopted an unbiased global approach based on Suppressive Subtractive Hybridisation-Polymerase Chain Reaction (SSH-PCR) Using this method, we generated libraries of clones putatively differentially expressed in control vs dehydrated SON. In order to rapidly screen these libraries, 1152 clones were subjected to microarray analysis, resulting in the identification of 459 differentially expressed transcripts. cDNA clones corresponding 56 of these RNAs were sequenced, revealing many of them to be novel ESTs. Four transcripts were shown by in situ hybridisation (ISH) to be significantly up- or down-regulated in the SON following dehydration. These genes may represent novel effectors or mediators of SON physiological remodelling. 3 chips were hybridised with control SON and compared to 3 chips hybridised with dehydrated SON

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NIA Neuroarray dehydration

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SSH-PCR dehydrated supraoptic nucleus

Project description:The magnocellullar neurons (MCNs) of the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus are the principle source of the neuropeptide hormone vasopressin (VP), which has a crucial role in osmoregulation. Physiological activation of the SON by dehydration results is a massive release of VP from stores in posterior pituitary axon terminals into the general circulation. By binding to V2-type receptors located in the kidney, VP decrease the amount of water lost in urine. Osmotic activation of the SON is accompanied by a dramatic morphological and functional remodelling. We have sought to understand the mechanistic basis of this plasticity in terms of the differential expression of genes. To identify such genes, we adopted a completely unbiased and global approach based on Suppressive Subtractive Hybridisation-Polymerase Chain Reaction (SSH-PCR) Using this method, we generated a library of clones putatively differentially expressed in control vs dehydrated SON. In order to rapidly screen this library, 1152 of these clones were subjected to microarray analysis, resulting in the identification of 459 differentially expressed clones, 56 of which were sequenced. Many of these clones are expressed sequences that are new to science. Four of these were shown by in situ hybridisation (ISH) to be significantly up- or down-regulated in the SON following dehydration. These genes may represent novel effectors or mediators of SON physiological remodelling. 4 chips were hybridised with control SON and compared to 4 chips hybridised with dehydrated SON

2010-06-30 | E-GEOD-3132 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Transcriptome analysis reveals downregulation of urocortin expression in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system of Spontaneously Hypertensive rats

Project description:Tissue extracted from the Supraoptic nucleus (SON), paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to determine gene expression differences as a consequence of hypertension within these structures

2020-10-22 | GSE159722 | GEO

SSH-PCR dehydrated supraoptic nucleus

2005-12-02 | GSE3132 | GEO

The extraretinal photoreceptor OPSIN3 in the hypothalamus is involved in the regulation of water balance, body temperature and motor activity

Project description:To explore the role of the light-sensitive protein OPSIN3 in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus, we knocked down the gene encoding this protein (Opn3) in one SON of sprague dawley rats by delivering a Opn3 short hairpin RNA (shRNA). A non-targeting ShRNA was delivered to the opppsite SON in the same rat as a contros.We then performed gene expression profiling analysis using data obtained from RNA-seq of 5 different rats at one time point.

2022-10-25 | GSE209557 | GEO

Transcription profiling of rat hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system reveals gene expression is highly strain-dependant

Project description:We have used microarrays to comprehensively describe the transcriptomes of the supraoptic nucleus (SON), the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and the neurointermediate lobe (NIL) of adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, as well as the paraventricular nucleus of Wistar (WIST) rats. Comparison of these gene lists has enabled us to identify surprisingly large differences in hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system gene expression patterns in these three strains. We have also shown that different transcript populations are enriched in the PVN and the SON of SD and WKY rats. The transcriptome differences catalogued here may be molecular substrates for the neuro-humoral phenotypic differences exhibited by different strains of rats. Experiment Overall Design: For each experimental group (SON-WKY, PVN-WKY, NIL-WKY, SON-SD, PVN-SD, NIL-SD, PVN-WISTAR) five chips were hybridised with independantly pooled RNA from a biological n=5.

2008-10-25 | E-GEOD-8491 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Neural control of fluid homeostasis is engaged below 10°C in hibernation

Project description:Thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) hibernate for several months each winter without access to water, but the mechanisms that maintain fluid homeostasis during hibernation are poorly understood. In torpor, when body temperature (TB) reaches 4°C, squirrels decrease metabolism, slow heart rate, and reduce plasma levels of the antidiuretic hormones arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT). Squirrels spontaneously undergo interbout arousal (IBA) every 2 weeks, temporarily recovering an active-like metabolism and a TB of 37°C for up to 48 h. Despite the low levels of AVP and OXT during torpor, profound increases in blood pressure and heart rate during the torpor-IBA transition are not associated with massive fluid loss, suggesting the existence of a mechanism that protects against diuresis at a low TB. Here, we demonstrate that the antidiuretic hormone release pathway is activated by hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON) neurons early in the torpor-arousal transition. SON neuron activity, dense-core vesicle release from the posterior pituitary, and plasma hormone levels all begin to increase before TB reaches 10°C. In vivo fiber photometry of SON neurons from hibernating squirrels, together with RNA sequencing and c-FOS immunohistochemistry, confirms that SON is electrically, transcriptionally, and translationally active to monitor blood osmolality throughout the dynamic torpor-arousal transition. Our work emphasizes the importance of the antidiuretic pathway during the torpor-arousal transition and reveals that the neurophysiological mechanism that coordinates the hormonal response to retain fluid is active at an extremely low TB, which is prohibitive for these processes in non-hibernators.

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