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Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Poised chromatin and bivalent domains facilitate the mitosis-to-meiosis transition in the male germline

ABSTRACT: The male germline transcriptome changes dramatically during the mitosis-to-meiosis transition to activate late spermatogenesis genes and to transiently suppress genes commonly expressed in somatic lineages and spermatogenesis progenitor cells, termed somatic/progenitor genes. These changes reflect epigenetic regulation. Induction of late spermatogenesis genes during spermatogenesis is facilitated by poised chromatin established in the stem cell phases of spermatogonia, whereas silencing of somatic/progenitor genes during meiosis and postmeiosis is associated with formation of bivalent domains which also allows the recovery of the somatic/progenitor program after fertilization. Importantly, during spermatogenesis mechanisms of epigenetic regulation on sex chromosomes are different from autosomes: X-linked somatic/progenitor genes are suppressed by meiotic sex chromosome inactivation without deposition of H3K27me3. Our results suggest that bivalent H3K27me3 and H3K4me2/3 domains are not limited to developmental promoters (which maintain bivalent domains that are silent throughout the reproductive cycle), but also underlie reversible silencing of somatic/progenitor genes during the mitosis-to-meiosis transition in late spermatogenesis. 29 samples analyzed by ChIP-Seq

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

SUBMITTER: Satoshi Namekawa

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-69946 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Poised chromatin and bivalent domains facilitate the mitosis-to-meiosis transition in the male germline

Project description:The male germline transcriptome changes dramatically during the mitosis-to-meiosis transition to activate late spermatogenesis genes and to transiently suppress genes commonly expressed in somatic lineages and spermatogenesis progenitor cells, termed somatic/progenitor genes. These changes reflect epigenetic regulation. Induction of late spermatogenesis genes during spermatogenesis is facilitated by poised chromatin established in the stem cell phases of spermatogonia, whereas silencing of somatic/progenitor genes during meiosis and postmeiosis is associated with formation of bivalent domains which also allows the recovery of the somatic/progenitor program after fertilization. Importantly, during spermatogenesis mechanisms of epigenetic regulation on sex chromosomes are different from autosomes: X-linked somatic/progenitor genes are suppressed by meiotic sex chromosome inactivation without deposition of H3K27me3. Our results suggest that bivalent H3K27me3 and H3K4me2/3 domains are not limited to developmental promoters (which maintain bivalent domains that are silent throughout the reproductive cycle), but also underlie reversible silencing of somatic/progenitor genes during the mitosis-to-meiosis transition in late spermatogenesis.

2015-06-18 | GSE69946 | GEO

Scml2 establshes germline-sepcific epigenome

Project description:we identify Scml2, a subunit of a germ cell-specific polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1), as a critical epigenetic modifier that establishes the germline-specific epigenome through two distinct functions. One of these functions is in the stem cell phase of spermatogonia and the other is on meiotic sex chromosomes. During the stem cell phase of spermatogonia, Scml2 establishes Rnf2- dependent ubiquitination of H2A (Rnf2-ubH2A) as an epigenetic memory that subsequently ensures programmed repression of somatic genes during the late stages of spermatogenesis. Additionally, during meiosis, Scml2 interacts with M-NM-3H2AX and works downstream of the DNA damage response factor Mdc1 on the sex chromosomes and, contrary to autosomes, suppresses Rnf2-ubH2A for proper epigenetic programming of the sex chromosomes. Taken together, Scml2 positively regulates Rnf2-ubH2A on autosomes and negatively regulates Rnf2-ubH2A on the sex chromosomes to establish the germline-specific epigenome in spermatogenesis. Our study reveals a novel layer of epigenetic regulation in the male germline and adds further insight into the functionality of the polycomb proteins. RNA-seq and ChIP-seq analyses using wild-type and Scml2 KO spermatogenic cells

2015-02-19 | E-GEOD-55060 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Dynamically reorganized chromatin is the key for the reprogramming of somatic cells to pluripotent cells

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2015-12-13 | E-GEOD-60627 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Proper chromatin programming during spermatogenesis is required for embryonic development

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2015-11-03 | E-GEOD-55471 | biostudies-arrayexpress

SCML2 establishes germline-specific bivalent domains.

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2018-04-12 | GSE89502 | GEO

Repressive and active histone methylation mark distinct promoters in human and mouse spermatozoa (Illumina)

Project description:In higher eukaryotes, histone methylation is involved in the maintenance of cellular identity during somatic development. During spermatogenesis, Since most nucleosomes are replaced by protamines during spermatogenesis . Iit is therefore unclear whether if histone modifications function in paternal transmission of epigenetic information. Here we show that H3K4 di-methylation (H3K4me2) and H3K27 tri-methylation (H3K27me3), two modifications important for Trithorax and Polycomb-mediated gene regulation, display methylation-specific distributions at regulatory regions in human spermatozoa. H3K4 dimethylation H3K4me2-marksed promoters of genes relevant control gene functions in spermatogenesis and cellular homeostasis suggesting that this mark reflects germline transcription. In contrast, H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) marks promoters of key developmental regulators in sperm like in somatic cells. Promoters of orthologous genes are similarly modified in mouse spermatozoa. Further, particularly genes with extensive H3K27me3 coverage around transcriptional start sites are never expressed during male and female gametogenesis, nor in pre-implantation embryos. These data are compatible with a function for Polycomb in repressing somatic determinants across generations. Importantly, however, we observe only modest selective retention of nucleosomes at regulatory regions in human sperm suggesting that paternal transmission of H3K27me3-encoded epigenetic information may be subjected to variegation. Identification of nucleosome containing regions in 6 human sperm samples

2010-05-16 | E-GEOD-19889 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Density and methylation state of CpG dinucleotides define histone variant specific retention of nucleosomes in mouse spermatozoa

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2013-06-15 | E-GEOD-42629 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Bromodomain-dependent stage-specific male genome programming by Brdt [ChIP-Seq]

Project description:Male germ cell differentiation is a highly regulated multistep process initiated by the commitment of progenitor cells into meiosis and characterized by major chromatin reorganizations in haploid spermatids. We report here that a single member of the double bromodomain BET factors, Brdt, is a master regulator of both meiotic divisions and post-meiotic genome repackaging. Upon its activation at the onset of meiosis, Brdt drives and determines the developmental timing of a testis-specific gene expression program. In meiotic cells, Brdt initiates a genuine histone acetylation-guided programming of the genome by activating essential meiotic genes and repressing a M-bM-^@M-^\progenitor cellsM-bM-^@M-^] gene expression program, while M-bM-^@M-^\primingM-bM-^@M-^] a post-meiotic gene group for further activation. At post-meiotic stages, a global chromatin hyperacetylation gives the signal for BrdtM-bM-^@M-^Ys first bromodomain to direct the genome-wide replacement of histones by transition proteins. Brdt is therefore a unique and essential regulator of male germ cell differentiation, which, by using various domains in a developmentally controlled manner, first drives a specific spermatogenic gene expression program, and later controls the tight packaging of the male genome. Examination of Brdt binding on chromatin in meiotic (spermatocytes) and post-meiotic (round spermatids) male germ cells from adult wild type mice

2012-08-30 | E-GEOD-39908 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Cell cycle analysis of histone marks and 4C in human Fucci ESCs

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2015-06-23 | E-GEOD-61176 | biostudies-arrayexpress

EZH2 is required for germinal center formation and somatic EZH2 mutations promote lymphoid transformation

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2013-05-13 | E-GEOD-45982 | biostudies-arrayexpress

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