DNA damage responses activate a multi-functional genetic program in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages
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ABSTRACT: DNA damage response kinase ATM regulates the genetic program of lymphocytes with phsiologically induced DNA DSBs. In bone marrow-derived macrophages, related kinase DNAPKcs is also responsible for activating DNA damage responses after infection with Listeria monocytogenes. Here we show that both ATM and DNA-PKcs regulate the genetic program of Listeria monocytogenes-infected macrophages. Two independent bone marrow-derived macrophage cultures for each genotype (LysMcre/+ and Scid: Atmc/c: LysMcre/+) were infected with Listeria monocytogenes for 24 hrs at an MOI of 5. RNA was isolated using RNeasy (Qiagen). Gene expression profiling was performed using Illumina MouseRef-8 expression microarrays.
Project description:DNA damage response kinase ATM regulates the genetic program of lymphocytes with phsiologically induced DNA DSBs. In bone marrow-derived macrophages, related kinase DNAPKcs is also responsible for activating DNA damage responses after infection with Listeria monocytogenes. Here we show that both ATM and DNA-PKcs regulate the genetic program of Listeria monocytogenes-infected macrophages.
Project description:These studies were designed to examine the transcription of Listeria monocytogenes strains 10403S and LO28 during intracellular replication in mammalian macrophages. Duplicate WT Listeria monocytogenes (strains 10403S and LO28) were used to infect mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). Bacterial RNA was harvested at 4 hours post-infection.
Project description:We infected the bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) isolated from WT, Stat1Y701F or Stat1-/- mice were infected with Listeria monocytogenes for 6, 12 or 24h, or left untreated in order to find out how the transcriptome of these genotypes differs during infection.
Project description:Bone marrow derived macrophages from C57BL/6 or C57BL/6-Sst1S strains of mice were pretreated ± 100U/ml interferon gamma then infected for 0, 1, 2, 4, or 6h with Listeria monocytogenes. C57BL/6-Sst1S mice carry the Sst1 chromosomal locus of C3H mice. The Sst1 locus controls susceptibility to intracellular pathogens - these mice are therefore more susceptible than wild type B6.
Project description:Macrophages phagocytose bacteria. Certain pathogenic bacteria access and replicate within the cytosol of infected macrophages and induce changes in macrophage gene expression by triggering of innate immune receptors and/or the effects of bacterial virulence factors. We used microarray analysis to identify changes in macrophage gene expression following infection with Listeria monocytogenes. Experiment Overall Design: Macrophages were cultured from bone marrow of female C57BL/6 mice using 10% L-cell conditioned media and mock infected (3 chips) or infected with log phase L. monocytogenes (2 chips). Samples were harvested for RNA isolation at 10 h after infection. Experiment Overall Design: Supplementary file below reports Genesifter-processed data: mean ("P" only) signal intensities and SEM for the MOCK and LM_INF groups.
Project description:DNA damage and metabolic disorders are intimately linked with premature disease onset but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Persistent DNA damage accumulation in tissue-infiltrating macrophages carrying an ERCC1-XPF DNA repair defect (Er1F/-) riggers Golgi dispersal, dilation of endoplasmic reticulum, autophagy and exosome biogenesis leading to the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in vivo and ex vivo.
Project description:Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen that tightly regulates the activities of various virulence factors during infection. A mutant strain (the plcBM-NM-^Tpro mutant) that has lost the ability to control the activity of a phospholipase C (PC-PLC) is attenuated a hundred fold in mice. This attenuation is not due to a lack of bacterial fitness, but appears to result from a modified host response to infection. The transcriptomic pattern of immunerelated genes in infected macrophages indicated no differential response to wild-type L. monocytogenes vs the plcBM-NM-^Tpro mutant. Cultures of bone marrow derived macrophages from BALB/c were infected with either wild type or mutant L. monocytogens for 3, 6, or 9 hrs. The macrophages were then collected and RNA isolated for microarray analysis of gene expression.
Project description:The transcription factor STAT1 is essential for interferon- (IFN) mediated protective immunity in humans and mice. Two splice isoforms of STAT1, STAT1M-NM-1 and STAT1M-NM-2, differ with regard to a C-terminal transactivation domain, which is absent in STAT1M-NM-2. Dimers of STAT1M-NM-2 are therefore considered transcriptionally inactive and potential competitive inhibitors of STAT1M-NM-1. Contrasting this view, generation and analysis of mice deficient for either STAT1M-NM-1 or STAT1M-NM-2 demonstrated transcriptional activity of the STAT1M-NM-2 isoform and its enhancement of innate immunity. Gene expression profiling in primary cells revealed overlapping, but also non-redundant and gene-specific activities of STAT1M-NM-1 and STAT1M-NM-2 in response to IFNM-NM-3. Consistently, both isoforms mediated protective, IFNM-NM-3-dependent immunity against the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, although with remarkably different efficiency. In contrast, STAT1M-NM-1 and STAT1M-NM-2 were largely redundant for transcriptional responses to IFNM-NM-1/M-NM-2 and for IFNM-NM-1/M-NM-2-dependent antiviral activity. Collectively, our data shed new light on how STAT1 isoforms contribute to antimicrobial immunity. We treated macrophages of Stat1 delta alpha and Stat1 delta beta isoforms as well as Stat1 KO and Stat1 Wt mice with IFN gamma and Listeria to reveal differences in gene expression between isoforms and the two control genotypes.
Project description:The non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway is a major DNA double-strand break repair pathway in mammals and is essential for lymphocyte development. Ku70 and Ku80 heterodimer (KU) initiates NHEJ, thereby recruiting and activating the catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs). While DNA-PKcs deletion only moderately impairs end-ligation, the expression of Kinase-dead DNA-PKcs completely abrogates NHEJ. Active DNA-PK phosphorylates DNA-PKcs at two clusters – PQR around S2056 (S2053 in mouse) and ABCDE around T2609. Alanine substitution at the S2056 cluster moderately compromises end-ligation on plasmid-based assays. But mice carrying alanine substitution at all 5 serine residues within the S2056 cluster (DNA-PKcsPQR/PQR) display no defect in lymphocyte development, leaving the physiological significance of S2056 cluster phosphorylation elusive. XLF is a non-essential NHEJ factor. Xlf-/- mice have substantial peripheral lymphocytes that are completely abolished by the loss of DNA-PKcs, the related ATM kinases, other chromatin associated DNA damage response factors (e.g., 53BP1, MDC1, H2AX, MRI, etc.) or RAG2-C-terminal regions, suggesting functional redundancy. While ATM inhibition does not further compromise end-ligation, here we show that in XLF-deficient background, DNA-PKcs S2056 cluster phosphorylation is critical for normal lymphocyte development. Chromosomal V(D)J recombination from DNA-PKcsPQR/PQRXlf-/- B cells is efficient but often has large deletions that jeopardize lymphocyte development. Class switch recombination junctions from DNA-PKcsPQR/PQRXlf-/- mice are less efficient and the residual junctions display decreased fidelity and increased deletion. These findings establish a role for DNA-PKcs S2056 cluster phosphorylation in physiological chromosomal NHEJ, implying that S2056 cluster phosphorylation contributes to the synergy between XLF and DNA-PKcs in end-ligation.
Project description:Murine dendritic cells were derived from bone-marrow of 4 mice using GM-CSF. The DC were treated with RNA from gram-positive bacteria Listeria monocytogenes packaged in DOTAP or TLR7 agonist R848. Negative controls were DOTAP with no RNA or mock.