Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Correlative Controls of Seeds over Maternal Growth and Senescence in Arabidopsis

ABSTRACT: Correlative controls (influences of one organ over another organ) of seeds over maternal growth are one of the most obvious phenotypic expressions of the trade-off between growth and reproduction. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we characterize the physiological and molecular effects of correlative inhibition by seeds on Arabidopsis thaliana inflorescences, i.e. global proliferative arrest (GPA) during which all maternal growth ceases upon the production of a given number of seeds. We use laser-assisted microdissection and RNA-seq or Affymetrix GeneChip hybridizations to compare sterile growing, fertile growing and fertile arrested meristems or whole inflorescences. In shoot tissues, we detected the induction of stress- and senescence-related gene expression upon fruit production and GPA, and a drop in chlorophyll levels - suggestive of altered source-sink relationships between vegetative shoot and reproductive tissues. Levels of shoot reactive oxygen species, however, strongly decreased upon GPA - a phenomenon that is associated with bud dormancy in some perennials. Indeed, gene expression changes in arrested apical inflorescences after fruit removal resembled changes observed in axillary buds following release from apical dominance. This suggests that GPA represents a form of bud dormancy, and that dominance is gradually transferred from growing inflorescences to maturing seeds - allowing offspring control over maternal resources, simultaneously restricting offspring number. Examination of transcriptomes of four reproductive stages: i) sterile growing plants, ii) fertile growing plants, iii) fertile arrested plants, iv) arrested plants after removal of all fruits from the plant

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

SUBMITTER: Samuel Wuest

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-74386 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:Senescence is genetically-controlled and activated in mature tissues during ageing. However, immature plant tissues also display senescence-like symptoms when continuously exposed to adverse energy-depleting conditions. We used detached dark-held immature inflorescences of Arabidopsis thaliana to understand the metabolic reprogramming occurring in immature tissues transitioning from rapid growth to precocious senescence. Macroscopic growth of the detached inflorescences rapidly ceased upon placement in water in the dark at 21M-BM-0C. Inflorescences were completely de-greened by 120 h of dark incubation and by 24 h had already lost 24% of their chlorophyll and 34% of their protein content. Comparative transcriptome profiling at 24 h revealed that inflorescences response at 24 h had a large carbon-deprivation component. Genes that positively regulate developmental senescence (ANAC092) and shade avoidance syndrome (PIF4 and PIF5) were up-regulated within 24 h. Mutations in these genes delayed de-greening of the inflorescences. Their up-regulation was suppressed in dark-held inflorescences by glucose treatment, which promoted macroscopic growth and development and inhibited de-greening of the inflorescences. Detached inflorescences held in the dark for 4 days were still able to re-initiat development to produce siliques upon being brought out to light indicating the transcriptional reprogramming at 24 h was adaptive and reversible. Our results suggest that the response of detached immature tissues to dark storage involves interactions between carbohydrate status sensing and light deprivation signaling and that the dark adaptive response of the tissues appears to utilize some of the same key regulators as developmental senescence. Detached arabidopsis inflorescences were harvested and either immediately snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80M-BM-0C, or placed at 21M-BM-0C on blotting paper moistened with water inside a 2-L black plastic container for RNA extraction and hybridization on Affymetrix microarrays. Ten inflorescences from 10 independent plants were pooled for each time point (0 h or 24 h).

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Correlative Controls of Seeds over Maternal Growth and Senescence in Arabidopsis

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