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Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Genome wide binding of ATF4 and CEBPG bZIP transcription factors in MEFs under amino acid deprived (AAD) conditions

ABSTRACT: The integrated stress response (ISR) controls cellular adaptations to nutrient deprivation, redox imbalances and ER stress. ISR genes are upregulated in stressed cells, primarily by the bZIP transcription factor ATF4 through its recruitment to cis-regulatory C/EBP:ATF response elements (CAREs) together with a dimeric partner of uncertain identity. Here we show that C/EBPÎ³:ATF4 heterodimers, but not C/EBPÎ²:ATF4 dimers, are the predominant CARE binding species in stressed cells. C/EBPÎ³ and ATF4 associate with genomic CAREs in a mutually-dependent manner and co-regulate many ISR genes. By contrast, the C/EBP family members C/EBPÎ² and CHOP were largely dispensable for induction of stress genes. Cebpgâ/â MEFs proliferate poorly and exhibit oxidative stress due to reduced glutathione levels and impaired expression of several glutathione biosynthesis pathway genes. Cebpgâ/â mice (C57BL/6 background) display reduced body size and microphthalmia, similar to ATF4-null animals. In addition, C/EBPÎ³-deficient newborns die from atelectasis and respiratory failure which can be mitigated by in utero exposure to the anti-oxidant, N-acetyl-cysteine. Cebpgâ/â mice on a mixed strain background show improved viability but, upon aging, develop significantly fewer malignant solid tumors compared to WT animals. Our findings identify C/EBPÎ³ as a novel anti-oxidant regulator and an obligatory ATF4 partner that controls redox homeostasis in normal and cancerous cells. Evaluation of genomic binding of 2 bZIP transcription factors under amino acid deprivation conditions in mouse embryonic fibroblasts

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

SUBMITTER: Peter Johnson

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-75165 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Whole genome expression data from WT, Atf4-/-, and Cebpg-/- MEFs under normal and amino acid deprived (AAD) growth conditions

Project description:The integrated stress response (ISR) controls cellular adaptations to nutrient deprivation, redox imbalances and ER stress. ISR genes are upregulated in stressed cells, primarily by the bZIP transcription factor ATF4 through its recruitment to cis-regulatory C/EBP:ATF response elements (CAREs) together with a dimeric partner of uncertain identity. Here we show that C/EBPÎ³:ATF4 heterodimers, but not C/EBPÎ²:ATF4 dimers, are the predominant CARE binding species in stressed cells. C/EBPÎ³ and ATF4 associate with genomic CAREs in a mutually-dependent manner and co-regulate many ISR genes. By contrast, the C/EBP family members C/EBPÎ² and CHOP were largely dispensable for induction of stress genes. Cebpgâ??/â?? MEFs proliferate poorly and exhibit oxidative stress due to reduced glutathione levels and impaired expression of several glutathione biosynthesis pathway genes. Cebpgâ??/â?? mice (C57BL/6 background) display reduced body size and microphthalmia, similar to ATF4-null animals. In addition, C/EBPÎ³-deficient newborns die from atelectasis and respiratory failure which can be mitigated by in utero exposure to the anti-oxidant, N-acetyl-cysteine. Cebpgâ??/â?? mice on a mixed strain background show improved viability but, upon aging, develop significantly fewer malignant solid tumors compared to WT animals. Our findings identify C/EBPÎ³ as a novel anti-oxidant regulator and an obligatory ATF4 partner that controls redox homeostasis in normal and cancerous cells. WT, Atf4-/-, and Cebpg-/- MEFs (passage 3) were cultured under normal and AAD conditions. RNA from each treatment condition was collected in triplicate for hybrization on Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 microarrays.

2015-11-19 | E-GEOD-75150 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Genome wide binding of ATF4 and CEBPG bZIP transcription factors in MEFs under amino acid deprived (AAD) conditions

Project description:The integrated stress response (ISR) controls cellular adaptations to nutrient deprivation, redox imbalances and ER stress. ISR genes are upregulated in stressed cells, primarily by the bZIP transcription factor ATF4 through its recruitment to cis-regulatory C/EBP:ATF response elements (CAREs) together with a dimeric partner of uncertain identity. Here we show that C/EBPγ:ATF4 heterodimers, but not C/EBPβ:ATF4 dimers, are the predominant CARE binding species in stressed cells. C/EBPγ and ATF4 associate with genomic CAREs in a mutually-dependent manner and co-regulate many ISR genes. By contrast, the C/EBP family members C/EBPβ and CHOP were largely dispensable for induction of stress genes. Cebpg−/− MEFs proliferate poorly and exhibit oxidative stress due to reduced glutathione levels and impaired expression of several glutathione biosynthesis pathway genes. Cebpg−/− mice (C57BL/6 background) display reduced body size and microphthalmia, similar to ATF4-null animals. In addition, C/EBPγ-deficient newborns die from atelectasis and respiratory failure which can be mitigated by in utero exposure to the anti-oxidant, N-acetyl-cysteine. Cebpg−/− mice on a mixed strain background show improved viability but, upon aging, develop significantly fewer malignant solid tumors compared to WT animals. Our findings identify C/EBPγ as a novel anti-oxidant regulator and an obligatory ATF4 partner that controls redox homeostasis in normal and cancerous cells.

2015-11-19 | GSE75165 | GEO

Whole genome expression data from WT, Atf4-/-, and Cebpg-/- MEFs under normal and amino acid deprived (AAD) growth conditions

Project description:The integrated stress response (ISR) controls cellular adaptations to nutrient deprivation, redox imbalances and ER stress. ISR genes are upregulated in stressed cells, primarily by the bZIP transcription factor ATF4 through its recruitment to cis-regulatory C/EBP:ATF response elements (CAREs) together with a dimeric partner of uncertain identity. Here we show that C/EBPγ:ATF4 heterodimers, but not C/EBPβ:ATF4 dimers, are the predominant CARE binding species in stressed cells. C/EBPγ and ATF4 associate with genomic CAREs in a mutually-dependent manner and co-regulate many ISR genes. By contrast, the C/EBP family members C/EBPβ and CHOP were largely dispensable for induction of stress genes. Cebpg−/− MEFs proliferate poorly and exhibit oxidative stress due to reduced glutathione levels and impaired expression of several glutathione biosynthesis pathway genes. Cebpg−/− mice (C57BL/6 background) display reduced body size and microphthalmia, similar to ATF4-null animals. In addition, C/EBPγ-deficient newborns die from atelectasis and respiratory failure which can be mitigated by in utero exposure to the anti-oxidant, N-acetyl-cysteine. Cebpg−/− mice on a mixed strain background show improved viability but, upon aging, develop significantly fewer malignant solid tumors compared to WT animals. Our findings identify C/EBPγ as a novel anti-oxidant regulator and an obligatory ATF4 partner that controls redox homeostasis in normal and cancerous cells.

2015-11-19 | GSE75150 | GEO

ATF4 Promotes Skeletal Muscle Atrophy by Forming a Heterodimer with C/EBPbeta

Project description:Skeletal muscle atrophy is a highly prevalent and debilitating condition that remains poorly understood at the molecular level. Previous work found that skeletal muscle atrophy involves activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), a protein in the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor family. However, the direct biochemical mechanism by which ATF4 promotes muscle atrophy was unknown. Because bZIP proteins such as ATF4 must dimerize to bind and activate genes, and because ATF4 is unable to form highly stable homodimers, we hypothesized that ATF4 may promote muscle atrophy by heterodimerizing with another bZIP family member. To test this hypothesis, we biochemically isolated skeletal muscle proteins that associate with the dimerization- and DNA-binding domain of ATF4 (the bZIP domain) in mouse skeletal muscle fibers in vivo. Interestingly, we found that ATF4 makes up one half of at least 5 distinct heterodimeric bZIP transcription factors in skeletal muscle fibers. This three-way interaction between ATF4, C/EBPbeta and the ATF4-C/EBP composite site activates the Gadd45a gene, which encodes a known mediator of muscle atrophy (Gadd45a). Together, these results identify a direct biochemical mechanism by which ATF4 induces skeletal muscle atrophy and provide new insight into the way that skeletal muscle atrophy occurs at the molecular level.

2019-11-04 | MSV000084538 | MassIVE

Gene Expression Study in WT and ATF4 KO embryonic neurons

Project description:Oxidative stress is pathogenic in neurological diseases including stroke. The identity of oxidative stress-inducible transcription factors and their role(s) in propagating the death cascade are poorly understood. Microarray analysis of neurons undergoing oxidative stress showed significant induction of prodeath genes. These genes have been shown to be regulated by the bZip transcription factor, ATF4. ATF4 protein localized to the promoter of a putative death gene in neurons in vitro and in vivo. Germline deletion of ATF4 in neurons resulted in a reduction in oxidative stress-induced gene expression and resistance to oxidative death. ATF4 knockout mice experienced significantly smaller infarcts and improved behavioral recovery as compared to wild-type mice subjected to the same reductions in blood flow in a rodent model of stroke. ATF4 modulates an early, upstream event in the death pathway, as resistance to oxidative death by ATF4 deletion was associated with decreased consumption of the antioxidant glutathione. Restoration of ATF4 protein in knockout neurons was sufficient to restore sensitivity to oxidative death and to reaccelerate loss of glutathione. Together, these findings establish ATF4 as a redox-regulated, pro-death transcriptional activator in the nervous system that propagates death responses to oxidative stress in vitro and to stroke in vivo. Keywords: ATF4, oxidative stress, gene expression, neuroprotection, stroke WT and ATF4 KO embryonic neurons were studied. Untreated neurons (no=8 per genotype) and neurons challenged with oxidative stress with the glutamate homolog homocysteate (HCA, no=4 per genotype) were studied, for a total of 24 samples.

2010-06-25 | E-GEOD-10470 | biostudies-arrayexpress

ISR target genes revealed by comprehensive microarray network study using Perk -/-, Atf4 -/-, eIF2a S51A mutant, Fv2E-PERK

Project description:To identify the target genes of integrated stress reponse (ISR), we have employed whole genome microarray expression in MEF cells. ISR gene setimation under ER stress condition using Perk -/-, Atf4 -/-, eIF2a S51A mutant, Fv2E-PERK MEF cells

2015-09-01 | E-GEOD-49598 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Gene Expression Study in WT and ATF4 KO embryonic neurons

2008-03-01 | GSE10470 | GEO

Coordinated stimulation of axon regenerative and neurodegenerative transcriptional programs by Atf4 following optic nerve injury

Project description:To understand the contributions of the Integrated Stress Response (ISR) to the axon regenerative and neurodegenerative transcriptional programs activated by axon injury in the CNS, we evaluated by RNA-seq the retinal transcriptomes of conditional knockout mouse lines for components of the ISR three days after optic nerve crush injury. Prior to injury, intravitreal injection of AAV2-mTagBFP2-ires-Cre under the control of the human synapsin-1 promoter facilitated neuron-specific knockout of Eif2ak3, the gene that encodes the ER stress-responsive kinase Perk; Atf4, the gene that encodes the ISR mediator Activating transcription factor-4; or Ddit3, the gene that encodes another transcription factor that can mediate the ISR, C/ebp homologous protein, or CHOP. We compared the expression profiles of these transgenic retinas after injury to retinas from wildtype mice with and without injury to identify transcripts whose regulation by axon injury is dependent on ISR signaling.

2023-03-30 | GSE223321 | GEO

The mTORC1-mediated activation of ATF4 promotes protein and glutathione synthesis (Tunicamycin)

Project description:In response to a variety of upstream growth and oncogenic signals, the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) promotes anabolic metabolism, in part, through activation of downstream transcription factors. The transcription factor activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) has been previously shown to function downstream of mTORC1 signaling to promote de novo purine synthesis and this activation of ATF4 can occur independently of the canonical activation of ATF4 through the integrated stress response (ISR). Here, we show that ATF4 activation through mTORC1 signaling drives a specific transcriptional program through ATF4 which is comprised of only a subset of genes involved in the broader cellular stress response. We find genes involved in amino acid uptake, biosynthesis, and charging by tRNA synthetases display transcriptional changes downstream of both mTORC1 and ATF4. We discovered that ATF4 activation contributes to the mTORC1-stimulated increase in protein synthesis, highlighting the importance of these transcriptional changes. Additionally, we observe regulation of the cystine transporter SLC7A11 by ATF4. We show that SLC7A11 is important for cell survival and is one mechanism by which cells with active mTORC1 signaling produce glutathione. Thus, ATF4 downstream of mTORC1 signaling regulates protein and glutathione synthesis.

2020-09-28 | GSE158605 | GEO

Mouse heart proteomics in Oma1 and Cox10 deficient mice

Project description:Cardiomyopathy and heart failure are common manifestations in mitochondrial disease caused by deficiencies in the oxidative phosphorylation system of mitochondria (OXPHOS). Here, we demonstrate that the cardiac-specific loss of the assembly factor Cox10 of the cytochrome c oxidase causes mitochondrial cardiomyopathy in mice, which is associated with OXPHOS deficiency, lysosomal defects and an aberrant mitochondrial morphology and ultrastructure. We demonstrate activation of the mitochondrial peptidase Oma1 in Cox10-/- mice, which results in mitochondrial fragmentation and induction of the integrated stress response (ISR) along the Oma1-Dele1-Atf4 signalling axis. Ablation of Oma1 or Dele1 in Cox10-/- mice aggravates cardiomyopathy. ISR inhibition impairs the cardiac glutathione metabolism, decreases the levels of the glutathione peroxidase Gpx4 and increases lipid peroxidation in the heart, ultimately culminating in ferroptosis. Our results demonstrate a protective role of the Oma1-mediated ISR in mitochondrial cardiomyopathy and link ferroptosis to OXPHOS deficiency and mitochondrial disease.

2022-07-27 | PXD031641 | Pride

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