Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Endothelin-1 supports clonal derivation and expansion of cardiovascular progenitors derived from human embryonic stem cells

ABSTRACT: Coronary arteriogenesis is a central step in cardiogenesis, requiring coordinated generation and integration of endothelial (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cells (SM). At present, it is unclear whether the cell fate program of cardiac progenitors to generate complex muscular or vascular structures is entirely cell autonomous. Here we demonstrate the intrinsic ability of vascular progenitors to develop and self-organize into cardiac tissues by clonally isolating and expanding second heart field (SHF) cardiovascular progenitors (CVPs) using WNT3A and Endothelin-1 (EDN1) human recombinant proteins. Progenitor clones undergo long-term expansion and differentiate primarily into endothelial and smooth muscle cell lineages in vitro, and contribute extensively to coronary-like vessels in vivo, forming a functional human-mouse chimeric circulatory system. Our study identifies EDN1 as a key factor towards the generation and clonal derivation of ISL1+ vascular intermediates, and demonstrates for the first time, the intrinsic cell-autonomous nature of these progenitors to differentiate and self-organize into functional vasculatures in vivo. The HumanHT-12 v4 BeadChip (Illumina) was used to analyse paracrine factors produced by sub-regions of the fetal heart, followed by pairing the paracrine factors present in these specific regions with corresponding receptors that are highly expressed in uncommitted cardiovascular progenitor cells.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

SUBMITTER: Henry Yang

PROVIDER: E-GEOD-75985 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:Visceral fat (VF) and subcutaneous fat (SF) are developmentally different tissues with different gene expression. Islet-1 (ISL1), a LIM-homeobox transcription factor with important developmental and regulatory function in islet, neural, and cardiac tissue, is virtually absent in SF but substantially expressed in the stromovascular [preadipocyte containing] fraction of VF; expression correlates negatively with adiposity in rodents and man. ISL1 expression is transiently increased in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes during early differentiation, suggesting a functional role. To examine the role of ISL1 in adipogenesis, we tested whether retroviral overexpression of ISL1 in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes affected their ability to differentiate into mature adipocytes. Terminal differentiation was assessed by Oil Red O [lipid droplet] staining and by immunoblot detection of adipocyte marker proteins, including aP2 and GLUT4. ISL1 significantly inhibited lipid droplet formation, reduced lipid accumulation (about 80% inhibition, p<0.05), and substantially inhibited aP2 and GLUT4 expression. ISL1 did not inhibit expression of C/EBPb and C/EBPd after induction of differentiation, but reduced PPARg and C/EBPa by >50% at both mRNA and protein level. In addition, the PPARg agonist, rosiglitazone, substantially rescued ISL1 inhibited adipogenesis in the absence of exogenous PPARg, and fully rescued in the presence of exogenous PPARg. In summary, ISL1 overexpression inhibited fat droplet formation, lipid accumulation, and adipocyte-specific gene expression; there was accompanying inhibition of C/EBPa, PPARg and downstream gene expression. We conclude that ISL1 overexpression inhibited adipocyte differentiation by inhibition of PPARg regulated gene expression. As abdominal obesity strongly correlates with insulin resistance, and cardiovascular risk, ISL1 up-regulation may impact abdominal obesity and its concomitant metabolic derangements. Total cellular RNA was isolated from 3T3-L1 cells expressing Flag-ISL1 or not at 48 h following treatment with differentiation cocktail. Individual RNA from biological triplicates was used for microarray analysis.

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Endothelin-1 supports clonal derivation and expansion of cardiovascular progenitors derived from human embryonic stem cells

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