Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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JHI Sl Pc JJ timecourse

ABSTRACT: Phytophthora species are a destructive group of filamentous plant pathogens, which have a global distribution and devastating effect on a wide range of plants important to agriculture and natural ecosystems. Throughout the infection cycle, Phytophthora secrete an effector repertoire into its host to inhibit or counter defence associated compounds, lytic enzymes and intracellular processes required for immunity. Despite the advent of genome sequences of both host and microbe however, little is known about the signal interplay between host and pathogen during infection. Here we explore and report on the association between the hemi-biotrophic broad host range pathogen Phytophthora capsici and tomato. Infection assays reveal a distinct hemi-biotrophic infection cycle, featuring haustoria formation early in infection, followed by necrotrophy in the lateinfection stages. We assessed gene expression changes during infection in both P. capsici and tomato and unveil distinct changes in both host and pathogen transcriptomes, associated with biotrophy and the subsequent switch to necrotrophy. These results suggest dynamic but highly regulated transcriptional programmes that underpin P. capsici hemi-biotrophy. Our results provide new detail on coordinate transcriptional reprogramming during infection and sheds light on the basic processes that accompany hemibiotrophy. Please note the timepoint is hours post inoculation (hpi) of P capsici zoospores on detached tomato leaves. Where it is na (not applicable), these are in vitro cultures of P capsici only.

ORGANISM(S): Phytophthora capsici

DISEASE(S): Phytophthora capsici infected

SUBMITTER: Pete Hedley

PROVIDER: E-MTAB-1295 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:Colletotrichum graminicola is a hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen that causes maize anthracnose disease. It progresses through three recognizable phases of pathogenic development *in planta*: melanized appressoria that form on the host surface prior to penetration; biotrophy, characterized by colonization of living host cells; and necrotrophy, characterized by host cell death and symptom development. An improved filtering algorithm and a Mixed Effects Generalized Linear Model (GLM) were developed and applied to an existing Illumina transcriptome dataset, substantially increasing the statistical power of the analysis of *C. graminicola* gene expression during infection and colonization. Additionally, the *in planta* transcriptome of the wild-type was compared with that of a mutant strain impaired in the establishment of biotrophy, allowing detailed dissection of events occurring specifically during penetration, and during early versus late biotrophy. Results indicated that there is a continuum of activities that occur during colonization of maize by *C. graminicola*, and that boundaries drawn between the three recognizable phases are artificial. More than 2000 fungal genes were differentially transcribed in waves during appressorial maturation, penetration, and colonization. Secreted proteins and membrane receptors were over-represented among the differentially expressed genes, suggesting that the fungus engages in an intimate and dynamic conversation with the host, beginning prior to penetration. This communication process is likely to involve reception of plant signals that trigger subsequent developmental progress in the fungus, as well as the production of signals that induce responses in the host. Later phases of biotrophy were more similar to necrotrophy, with increased production of secreted proteases, inducers of plant cell death, hydrolases, and membrane bound transporters for the uptake and egress of potential toxins, signals, and nutrients. The differentially expressed genes could be used as landmarks to more accurately identify developmental progress in compatible versus incompatible interactions involving genetic variants of both host and pathogen.

Project description:Oomycetes from the genus Phytophthora are fungus-like plant pathogens that are devastating for agriculture and natural ecosystems. Due to particular physiological characteristics, no treatments against diseases caused by oomycetes are presently available. To develop such treatments, it appears essential to dissect the molecular mechanisms that determine the interaction between Phytophthora species and host plants. The present project is focused on the molecular mechanisms that underlie the compatible plant-oomycete interaction and plant disease.The laboratory developed a novel interaction system involving the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana and Phytophthora parasitica, a soil-borne pathogen infecting a wide host range, thus representing the majority of Phytophthora species. A characteristic feature of the compatible Arabidopsis/Phytophthora parasitica interaction is an extended biotrophic phase, before infection becomes necrotrophic. Because the initial biotrophic phase is extremely short on natural (e.g. solanaceous) hosts, the Arabidopsis system provides the opportunity to analyze, for both interaction partners, the molecular events that determine the initiation of infection and the switch to necrotrophy.The present project aims at analyzing the compatible interaction between A. thaliana roots and Phytophthora parasitica. The Affymetrix A. thaliana full genome chip will be used to characterize modulations of the transcriptome occurring over a period of 24h from the onset of plant root infection to the beginning of necrotrophy. Parallel to this study, a custom designed Phytophthora parasitica biochip will enable analyzing of Phytophthora parasitica gene expression during the same stages. The pathosystem involving A. thaliana and Phytophthora parasitica was described in Attard A, Gourgues M, Callemeyn-Torre N, Keller H. 2010. The New phytologist 187: 449–460. The protocol for recovery of RNA from purified appressoria was described in Kebdani N, Pieuchot L, Deleury E, Panabieres F, Le Berre JY, Gourgues M. 2010. New Phytol 185: 248–257.

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JHI Sl Pc JJ timecourse

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