Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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A comparison of gene transcription profiles of domesticated and wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) at early life stages, reared under controlled conditions

ABSTRACT: Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) has been selectively bred in Europe since the 1970s and the process of domestication has led to both phenotypic and genotypic differences between wild and farmed fish. Despite strict regulations large numbers of fish escape annually from fish farms, a concern for both aquaculturalists and those managing wild fish stocks. A better understanding of the interactions between domesticated and wild salmon is essential to the continued sustainability of the aquaculture industry and to the maintenance of healthy wild stocks. One major concern is that of potential interbreeding of escapees with wild fish leading to potentially detrimental genetic changes in wild populations. Advances in high throughput technologies allow the role of genome-wide gene transcription to be studied in relation to both micro- and macro- evolutionary change. In this study, we have compared the transcriptomes of Norwegian wild and domesticated stocks at two life stages: yolk sac and first-feeding salmon fry and reared under identical conditions. These preliminary data improve knowledge of potential transcriptional difference between domesticated and wild salmon and will hopefully provide a better understanding of the fitness consequences of such interactions.

ORGANISM(S): Salmo salar

SUBMITTER: Beatrix Bicskei

PROVIDER: E-MTAB-2578 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:Current commercially available feeds for salmon are predominantly made of plant ingredients, with consequent changes to the composition and contents of a range of nutrients and other components in the diet. There are concerns that, with these major changes in raw materials, new feeds will affect not only the composition and contents of nutrients, but also the bioavailability and, combined with the limited knowledge of micronutrient requirements for Atlantic salmon, this might impact growth performance and health of the fish. The present study investigated the effects of graded levels of a micronutrient package supplemented to feeds formulated with low levels of marine ingredients and fed to diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon throughout the freshwater phase. Specifically, fish were fed three diets containing low levels of FM and FO and identical in formulation other than being supplemented with 3 levels (L1, 100 %; L2, 200 % and L3, 400 %) of a micronutrient mix formulated as a modification of current nutrient levels reported for salmon. Duplicate groups of diploid and triploid parr were fed the experimental diets from around 30 g to seawater transfer and the effects on growth performance, feed efficiency, biochemical composition, liver histology, hepatic gene expression (transcriptome) and smoltification efficiency determined. Microarray analysis revealed that the hepatic transcriptome profile of diploid fish fed diet L2 was more similar to that observed in triploids fed diet L3 than to those fed L2, suggesting that micronutrient requirements of triploid salmon may differ from levels accepted in diploid salmon. Different levels of micronutrient supplementation affected the expression of key genes involved in lipid metabolism. In particular sterol biosynthesis pathways (steroid and terpenoid backbone synthesis) were down-regulated in both L2-fed diploids and L3-fed triploids when compared with diet L1-fed diploids and triploids, respectively. Gene sets analysis showed an up-regulation of genes involved in immune processes in triploid salmon fed diet L3. Another biological category affected by diet in triploid salmon was genetic information processing. In fish fed diet L3 down-regulation of RNA degradation, proteasome, RNA polymerase, spliceosome and ribosome was observed, suggesting a decrease in protein turnover in this group, which may indicate a decrease in energy expenditure. In addition, one-carbon metabolism was affected by diet in diploid and triploid salmon.

Dataset Information

A comparison of gene transcription profiles of domesticated and wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) at early life stages, reared under controlled conditions

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