Arabidopsis thaliana RNase H2 deficiency counteracts the needs for the WEE1 checkpoint kinase but triggers genome instability
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
INSTRUMENT(S): Illumina HiSeq 2000
ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana
SUBMITTER: Lieven De Veylder
PROVIDER: E-MTAB-2590 | biostudies-arrayexpress |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress
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Project description:Col-0 and WEE1KO (wee1-1 and wee1-2) were germinated on control medium on a nylon mesh and transferred 5 days after germination to control medium. Samples were harvested at three different time points after transfer: 0 h, 5 h, and 24 h. All sampling points were performed in four independent experiments for Col-0, two independent experiments for wee1-1 and two independent experiments for wee1-2. For each time point in each experiment ﾱ50 root tips were collected and frozen in liquid nitrogen. RNA was extracted from root tissue with TriZol reagent (Invitrogen) and purified with RNneasy kit (Qiagen). The RNA of two independent experiments for Col-0 and WEE1KO were subsequently pooled and used for microarray analysis.
2011-07-24 | E-MEXP-3048 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Col-0 and WEE1KO (wee1-1 and wee1-2) were germinated on control medium on a nylon mesh and transferred 5 days after germination to medium supplemented with 2 mM HU. Samples were harvested at three different time points after transfer: 0 h, 5 h, and 24 h. All sampling points were performed in four independent experiments for Col-0, two independent experiments for wee1-1 and 2 independent experiments for wee1-2. For each time point in each experiment ﾱ50 root tips were collected and frozen in liquid nitrogen. RNA was extracted from root tissue with TriZol reagent (Invitrogen) and purified with RNneasy kit (Qiagen). The RNA of two independent experiments for Col-0 and WEE1KO were subsequently pooled and used for<br>microarray analysis.
2011-07-24 | E-MEXP-3053 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The G2 DNA damage checkpoint inhibits Cdc2 and mitotic entry through the dual regulation of Wee1 and Cdc25 by the Chk1 effector kinase. Up-regulation of Chk1 by mutation or overexpression bypasses the requirement for up-stream regulators or DNA damage to promote a G2 cell cycle arrest. We screened in fission yeast for mutations that rendered cells resistant to overexpressed Chk1. We identified a mutation in tra1, which encodes one of two homologs of TRRAP, an ATM/R-related pseudokinase that scaffolds several histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complexes. Inhibition of histone deacetylases reverts the resistance to overexpressed Chk1, suggesting this phenotype is due to a HAT activity, though expression of checkpoint and cell cycle genes is not greatly affected. Cells with mutant or deleted tra1 activate Chk1 normally and are checkpoint proficient. However, these cells are semi-wee even when overexpressing Chk1, and accumulate inactive Wee1 protein. The Cdr (changed division response) kinases Cdr1 and Cdr2 are negative regulators of Wee1, and while best characterized in the cellular response to limited nutrition, we show that they are required for the Tra1-dependent alterations to Wee1 function. This identifies Tra1 as another component controlling the timing of entry into mitosis via Cdc2 activation. Two and three independent microaaray experiments were done for wild type and the mutant (tra1-1) respectively.
2010-04-11 | E-GEOD-12674 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The G2 DNA damage checkpoint inhibits Cdc2 and mitotic entry through the dual regulation of Wee1 and Cdc25 by the Chk1 effector kinase. Up-regulation of Chk1 by mutation or overexpression bypasses the requirement for up-stream regulators or DNA damage to promote a G2 cell cycle arrest. We screened in fission yeast for mutations that rendered cells resistant to overexpressed Chk1. We identified a mutation in tra1, which encodes one of two homologs of TRRAP, an ATM/R-related pseudokinase that scaffolds several histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complexes. Inhibition of histone deacetylases reverts the resistance to overexpressed Chk1, suggesting this phenotype is due to a HAT activity, though expression of checkpoint and cell cycle genes is not greatly affected. Cells with mutant or deleted tra1 activate Chk1 normally and are checkpoint proficient. However, these cells are semi-wee even when overexpressing Chk1, and accumulate inactive Wee1 protein. The Cdr (changed division response) kinases Cdr1 and Cdr2 are negative regulators of Wee1, and while best characterized in the cellular response to limited nutrition, we show that they are required for the Tra1-dependent alterations to Wee1 function. This identifies Tra1 as another component controlling the timing of entry into mitosis via Cdc2 activation.
2010-04-11 | GSE12674 | GEO
Project description:Background: Atherosclerosis leads high mortality, highlighting an urgent need for new therapeutic strategies. Protein kinases orchestrate multiple cellular events in atherosclerosis and may provide new therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis. Here, we identified a protein kinase, WEE1 G2 checkpoint kinase (WEE1), promoting inflammatory response in atherosclerosis. Methods: The ApoE-/- mice without macrophage-specific WEE1 deletion (ApoE-/-WEE1f/f) and ApoE-/- mice with macrophage-specific WEE1 deletion (ApoE-/-WEE1MCKO) were generated using bone marrow transplantation. These mice and WEE1 inhibitor MK1775 were used in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced atherosclerotic model. Human atherosclerotic tissues, mouse primary peritoneal macrophages (MPMs), 293T cells, and recombinant proteins were utilized to investigate the pathogenic role and underlying mechanisms of WEE1. Results: We identified up-regulated p-WEE1 in macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions of HFD-fed ApoE-/- mice. Transcriptome sequencing analysis indicated that WEE1 promotes oxLDL-induced inflammation in macrophages. We then demonstrated that macrophage-specific deletion or pharmacological inhibition of WEE1 attenuates atherosclerosis by reducing inflammation both in vivo and in vitro. The overexpression of wild-type WEE1 or activating-mutant WEE1, but not inactivating-mutant WEE1, exacerbates inflammation in macrophages. Mechanistically, transcriptome sequencing analysis and co-immunoprecipitation followed by quantitative proteomics analysis identified p65 as a binding protein of WEE1. We confirmed that WEE1 directly interacts with the RHD domain of p65 via kinase domain and phosphorylates p65 at S536, thereby facilitating subsequent NF-κB activation and inflammatory response in macrophages. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that macrophage WEE1 promotes inflammatory atherosclerosis by directly binding to p65 and phosphorylate it at S536. This study provides WEE1 as a new p65 regulator in inflammation and a potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis.
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Project description:As a part of the project looking into the role of WEE1 in regulating replication initiation, we report the replication timing analysis of the U2OS cells treated with WEE1 kinase inhibitor AZD1775
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Project description:we performed a genome-wide synthetic lethal screen, using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, to identify potential therapeutic targets specific for ATRX-mutated cancers. In isogenic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines engineered for ATRX loss, we identified 58 genes, including the checkpoint kinase WEE1, uniquely required for the cell growth of ATRX null cells. Treatment with the WEE1 inhibitor AZD1775 robustly inhibited the growth of several ATRX-deficient HCC cell lines in vitro, as well as xenografts in vivo. The increased sensitivity to the WEE1 inhibitor was caused by accumulated DNA damage induced apoptosis. AZD1775 also selectively inhibited the proliferation of patient-derived primary cell lines from gliomas with naturally occurring ATRX mutations, indicating that the synthetic lethal relationship between WEE1 and ATRX could be exploited in a broader spectrum of human tumors. As WEE1 inhibitors have been investigated in several phase II clinical trials, our discovery provides the basis for an easily clinically testable therapeutic strategy specific for cancers deficient in ATRX.
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Project description:Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is an essential evolutionarily conserved molecular chaperone in eukaryotes. Cancer cells rely on Hsp90 to chaperone activated oncoproteins, and its involvement in numerous signaling pathways makes it an attractive target for drug development. Surprisingly, however, the impact of Hsp90 inhibitors on cancer cells is most commonly cytostatic, and efforts to enhance the anti-tumor activity of Hsp90 inhibitors in the clinic remain a significant challenge. In this study, we show that dual inhibition of Wee1 tyrosine kinase and Hsp90 causes prostate cancer cells to undergo apoptosis. Gene-expression profiling revealed that induction of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway by this drug combination coincided with transcriptional down-regulation of Survivin and Wee1, an outcome not seen in cells treated separately with either agent. At the translational level, expression of these two proteins as well as activated Akt was completely abrogated. Similar results were obtained in prostate cancer xenografts. These data establish a novel therapeutic strategy to enhance the efficacy of Hsp90 inhibitors in prostate cancer, and they provide a mechanistic rationale for stimulating the pro-apoptotic activity of Hsp90 inhibitors. In order to explore the mechanism underlying the enhanced cell death caused by Wee1 inhibitorII and 17-AAG combination, we performed microarray analysis using PC3 cells treated with Wee1 inhibitorII alone, 17-AAG alone, or the two drugs in combination. There are 12 samples in total. There are three experimental replicate. Samples 1, 5 and 9 are control (C) (untreated PC3- prostate cancer cells). Samples 2, 6, and 10 are cells treated with Wee1 inhibitor II (W). Samples 3, 7, and 11 are treated with 17-AAG (A), (an Hsp90 inhibitor). Samples 4, 8, and 12 are treated with both Wee1 inhibitorII and 17-AAG (WA). Samples 5 was removed from our analysis due to weak signal.
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Project description:The current standard-of-care for advanced liver cancer is limited. Therefore, there is an urgent need for development of novel molecular targeted therapy. Increase of WEE1 kinase activity through an epigenetic regulation plays an important role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here we demonstrated that WEE1 siRNA silencing caused inhibition of HCC cell growth through blockade of cell cycle progression and induction of apoptosis. The anti-proliferative effects were driven by a subset of molecular alterations including the upregulation of cdk inhibitor p21 and the downregulation of AKT1, CDK2, cyclin B1 (CCNB1), PARP1 and GPAM which are functionally involved in control of cell cycle, apoptosis and lipid metabolism. Systemic delivery of a modified WEE1 siRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles significantly inhibited human HCC growth in murine xenograft models, and increased mice survival. Wee1 silencing in tumor cells also resulted in a strong inhibition of lipogenesis (SREBP1C, FAS) and caused a marked decrease in fat accumulation. Of importance, knockdown of WEE1 dramatically reduced the portion of liver cancer stem cells (CSCs) population through co-downregulation of cancer stemness genes and weakened the capacity of sphere formation and the ability of cancer cell migration. Our findings suggest that the epigenetic modifier WEE1 functionally involve to HCC lipid metabolism and CSC-like phenotype maintenance and that molecular targeting of WEE1 may be an effective systemic therapy for prevention of tumor recurrence via elimination of CSCs in liver tumor microenvironment.
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