RNA-Seq of murine total lung RNA samples after AAV6.2-mediated Il13 overexpression
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT: 0.9x10^11 vg of AAV6.2 vectors containing the murine Il13 cDNA were administered intratracheally to Balb/c mice (9-12 wk). As a control, AAV6.2 vectors containing non-coding “stuffer DNA” were used. To assess vector-mediated effects following AAV6.2 administration, expression in AAV-stuffer treated animals was further compared to mice treated with PBS.
Project description:Scleroderma is a lethal and currently irreversible autoimmune disease characterized by widespread tissue fibrosis and vasculopathy. Using cross-species comparative gene expression profiling we show that murine sclerodematous graft-versus-host disease (sclGVHD) approximates an “inflammatory” subset of human scleroderma and that both diseases demonstrate activation of the IL13 cytokine pathway. We report that both host myeloid cells expressing type I and II activated macrophage markers and graft T-cells produce IL13 and that host mice deficient in either IL13 or IL4Ra, an IL13 signal transducer, are protected from disease. This signaling pathway converges on a single gene, CCL2, which is coordinately upregulated in sclGVHD, in the human inflammatory scleroderma subset and in IL13 treated human dermal fibroblasts. Accordingly, treatment with antibodies to CCL2, and its murine homolog CCL12, prevent sclGVHD. Lastly, we provide evidence that IL13 pathway activation in early scleroderma patients correlates with modified Rodnan skin scores (mRSS). These data indicate that an inflammatory subset of scleroderma is driven by IL13 and may benefit from IL13 or CCL2 blockade. sample vs reference. Total RNA isolated from a time course of primary adult dermal fibroblasts treated with 50nM recombinant IL13 over 24 hours
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the following subset Series: GSE17914: IL13 and CCL2 Drive Disease in an Inflammatory Subset of Scleroderma [cGVHD] GSE24403: IL13 and CCL2 drive disease in an inflammatory subset of Scleroderma [IL13] GSE24409: IL13 and CCL2 drive disease in an inflammatory subset of Scleroderma [IL4] Refer to individual Series
Project description:The main constituents of electronic cigarette liquids are nicotine, propylene glycol (PG), and vegetable glycerin (VG), together with distilled water and flavors. To assess the toxicity of PG/VG mixtures with and without nicotine as basic components of liquids used in e-cigarettes, a 90-day rat inhalation study according to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development test guideline 413 was conducted. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were nose-only exposed, 6 h/day, 5 days/week to filtered air, or nebulized vehicle (saline), or three concentrations of PG/VG (0.174 mg PG/l + 0.210 mg VG/l; 0.520 mg PG/l + 0.630 mg VG/l; 1.520 mg PG/l + 1.890 mg VG/l) – with (test item) and without (reference item) 23 µg nicotine/L. Standard toxicological endpoints were complemented by molecular analyses using transcriptomics, proteomics, and lipidomics. Compared to vehicle exposure, the tested PG/VG aerosols showed only very limited biological effects with no signs of toxicity, both for the standard toxicological endpoints (e.g., histopathology, clinical chemistry) and the systems toxicological analyses (transcriptomics, proteomics, and lipidomics). The addition of nicotine to the PG/VG aerosols (23 µg/l) resulted in effects in line with nicotine effects in previous studies. These included up-regulation of xenobiotic enzymes (Cyp1a1 and Fmo3) in the lung and metabolic effects, e.g., reduction in serum lipid concentrations and changes in the expression of metabolic enzymes in the liver. Signs of a generalized stress response to nicotine exposure such as decreased thymus weights were observed; and likely, a subset of the observed metabolic alterations was interlinked with this generalized stress response. Under the conditions of this 90-day SD rat inhalation study, no toxicologically relevant effects of PG/VG aerosols (up to 1.520 mg PG/l + 1.890 mg VG/l) were observed, and the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for PG/VG/nicotine was determined to be 438/544/6.7 mg/kg/day. Further the study demonstrated how complementary systems toxicology analyses can reveal, also in the absence of observable adverse effects, subtoxic and adaptive responses to pharmacologically active compounds such as nicotine.
Project description:The main constituents of electronic cigarette liquids are nicotine, propylene glycol (PG), and vegetable glycerin (VG), together with distilled water and flavors. To assess the toxicity of PG/VG mixtures with and without nicotine as basic components of liquids used in e-cigarettes, a 90-day rat inhalation study according to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development test guideline 413 was conducted. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were nose-only exposed, 6 h/day, 5 days/week to filtered air, or nebulized vehicle (saline), or three concentrations of PG/VG (0.174 mg PG/l + 0.210 mg VG/l; 0.520 mg PG/l + 0.630 mg VG/l; 1.520 mg PG/l + 1.890 mg VG/l) with (test item) and without (reference item) 23 µg nicotine/L. Standard toxicological endpoints were complemented by molecular analyses using transcriptomics, proteomics, and lipidomics. Compared to vehicle exposure, the tested PG/VG aerosols showed only very limited biological effects with no signs of toxicity, both for the standard toxicological endpoints (e.g., histopathology, clinical chemistry) and the systems toxicological analyses (transcriptomics, proteomics, and lipidomics). The addition of nicotine to the PG/VG aerosols (23 µg/l) resulted in effects in line with nicotine effects in previous studies. These included up-regulation of xenobiotic enzymes (Cyp1a1 and Fmo3) in the lung and metabolic effects, e.g., reduction in serum lipid concentrations and changes in the expression of metabolic enzymes in the liver. Signs of a generalized stress response to nicotine exposure such as decreased thymus weights were observed; and likely, a subset of the observed metabolic alterations was interlinked with this generalized stress response. Under the conditions of this 90-day SD rat inhalation study, no toxicologically relevant effects of PG/VG aerosols (up to 1.520 mg PG/l + 1.890 mg VG/l) were observed, and the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for PG/VG/nicotine was determined to be 438/544/6.7 mg/kg/day. Further the study demonstrated how complementary systems toxicology analyses can reveal, also in the absence of observable adverse effects, subtoxic and adaptive responses to pharmacologically active compounds such as nicotine.
Project description:The main constituents of electronic cigarette liquids are nicotine, propylene glycol (PG), and vegetable glycerin (VG), together with distilled water and flavors. To assess the toxicity of PG/VG mixtures with and without nicotine as basic components of liquids used in e-cigarettes, a 90-day rat inhalation study according to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development test guideline 413 was conducted. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were nose-only exposed, 6 h/day, 5 days/week to filtered air, or nebulized vehicle (saline), or three concentrations of PG/VG (0.174 mg PG/l + 0.210 mg VG/l; 0.520 mg PG/l + 0.630 mg VG/l; 1.520 mg PG/l + 1.890 mg VG/l) – with (test item) and without (reference item) 23 µg nicotine/L. Standard toxicological endpoints were complemented by molecular analyses using transcriptomics, proteomics, and lipidomics. Compared to vehicle exposure, the tested PG/VG aerosols showed only very limited biological effects with no signs of toxicity, both for the standard toxicological endpoints (e.g., histopathology, clinical chemistry) and the systems toxicological analyses (transcriptomics, proteomics, and lipidomics). The addition of nicotine to the PG/VG aerosols (23 µg/l) resulted in effects in line with nicotine effects in previous studies. These included up-regulation of xenobiotic enzymes (Cyp1a1 and Fmo3) in the lung and metabolic effects, e.g., reduction in serum lipid concentrations and changes in the expression of metabolic enzymes in the liver. Signs of a generalized stress response to nicotine exposure such as decreased thymus weights were observed; and likely, a subset of the observed metabolic alterations was interlinked with this generalized stress response. Under the conditions of this 90-day SD rat inhalation study, no toxicologically relevant effects of PG/VG aerosols (up to 1.520 mg PG/l + 1.890 mg VG/l) were observed, and the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for PG/VG/nicotine was determined to be 438/544/6.7 mg/kg/day. Further the study demonstrated how complementary systems toxicology analyses can reveal, also in the absence of observable adverse effects, subtoxic and adaptive responses to pharmacologically active compounds such as nicotine.
Project description:Scleroderma is a lethal and currently irreversible autoimmune disease characterized by widespread tissue fibrosis and vasculopathy. Using cross-species comparative gene expression profiling we show that murine sclerodematous graft-versus-host disease (sclGVHD) approximates an “inflammatory” subset of human scleroderma and that both diseases demonstrate activation of the IL13 cytokine pathway. We report that both host myeloid cells expressing type I and II activated macrophage markers and graft T-cells produce IL13 and that host mice deficient in either IL13 or IL4Ra, an IL13 signal transducer, are protected from disease. This signaling pathway converges on a single gene, CCL2, which is coordinately upregulated in sclGVHD, in the human inflammatory scleroderma subset and in IL13 treated human dermal fibroblasts. Accordingly, treatment with antibodies to CCL2, and its murine homolog CCL12, prevent sclGVHD. Lastly, we provide evidence that IL13 pathway activation in early scleroderma patients correlates with modified Rodnan skin scores (mRSS). These data indicate that an inflammatory subset of scleroderma is driven by IL13 and may benefit from IL13 or CCL2 blockade.
Project description:Chronic lung disease is increasing in prevalence and there is urgent need to advance our understanding of human lung biology in order to improve diagnosis and current treatments. The Th2 inflammatory cytokine Interleukin 13 (IL13) has been associated with both obstructive and fibrotic lung diseases, but its specific effect on the epithelial stem cells in the gas exchange compartment of the lung (alveolar space) has not been explored. Here, we use in vivo lung models of homeostasis and repair, ex vivo organoid platforms, and novel quantitative proteomic techniques to show that IL13 can directly disrupt the self-renewal and differentiation of both murine and human type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AEC2s). We also show that IL13 promotes ectopic expression of markers typically associated with bronchiolar airway cells and commonly seen in the alveolar region of lung tissue from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Furthermore, we identify a number of proteins that are differentially secreted by AEC2s in response to IL13, suggesting that protein-based biomarkers may identify subsets of patients with pulmonary disease that is driven by “Th2-high” biology. This would allow us to understand some of the biological heterogeneity that exists in patients with chronic lung disease and to identify subsets of patients who may be more likely to respond to targeted anti-IL13 treatments.
Project description:Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBL) and classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) share a frequent constitutive activation of Janus-activated kinase (JAK) / signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway. Due to complex non-linear relations within the pathway, key dynamic properties remained to be identified to predict possible strategies for intervention. To untangle these features, we used dynamic pathway modeling that employs model development and calibration based on extensive quantitative data generation. Quantitative data were collected on JAK/STAT pathway signaling components in two lymphoma-derived cell lines, MedB-1 and L1236, representative of PMBL and cHL, respectively. We showed that the amounts of STAT5 and STAT6 are higher whereas the amount of SHP1 is lower in the two lymphoma cell lines compared to B cells from healthy donors. Distinctively, L1236 cells harbor more JAK2 and less SHP1 molecules per cell than MedB-1 or control cells. In our experimental setting interleukin-13 (IL13) stimulation levels remained constant over time. In MedB-1 cells surface IL13 receptor alpha 2 had a strong IL13-sequestering/decoy function. In both lymphoma cell lines we observed IL13-induced activation of interleukin-4 receptor alpha, JAK2 and STAT5, but not of STAT6, which was highly phosphorylated even without stimulus. Furthermore, the known STAT-inducible negative regulators CISH and SOCS3 were up-regulated within 2 hours in MedB-1 but not in L1236 cells. Global transcription profiling revealed 11 early and 16 sustained common genes up-regulated by IL13 in both lymphoma cell lines. Based on this detailed information we established two individual mathematical models, MedB-1 and L1236 model, which were able to describe the respective experimental data. Sensitivity analysis of the model identified six possible therapeutic targets able to reduce gene expression levels in L1236 cells and three in MedB-1 cells. By inhibition of STAT5 phosphorylation we successfully validated one of the predicted targets demonstrating the potential of the approach in guiding target identification for highly deregulated signaling networks in cancer cells. We established mathematical models of the JAK/STAT pathway in two lymphoma cell types (PMBL and cHL), able to reproduce experimental data and to predict possible therapeutic targets. Cells from two lymphoma-derived cell lines, MedB-1 and L1236, were used for a time-course microarray analysis comprising stimulations with IL13 for 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 h and unstimulated controls (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 h), for a total of 20 microarrays per cell line.
Project description:The sense of hearing depends on the faithful transmission of sound information from the ear to the brain by spiral ganglion (SG) neurons. However, how SG neurons develop the connections and properties that underlie auditory processing is largely unknown. We catalogued gene expression in mouse SG neurons at six developmental stages, ranging from embryonic day 12 (E12), when SG neurons first extend projections, up until postnatal day 15 (P15), after the onset of hearing. For comparison, we also analyzed the closely-related vestibular ganglion (VG) at the same time points. To identify genes involved in SG axon guidance and branching, target selection, synaptogenesis, synaptic refinement, and synaptic function, we collected SG at E12 and E13, E16, P0, P6, and P15. We also collected VG at the same time points. For E12 and E13 time points, SG and VG were microdissected from Rnx-cre; Z/EG embryos, which express GFP in the VG. E16-P15 VG was also isolated by microdissection from Rnx-cre; Z/EG animals. E16-P15 SG neurons were isolated by FACS sorting dissociated cochlea from Mafb-GFP animals.
Project description:Proteomics of carboxylated polystyrene bead (1.0 um) phagosomes from murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. cells were either resting or treated with 100 U/ml IFN-γ (PeproTech) and 100 ng/ml LPS (Sigma) for 24 h, 20 ng/ml Interleukin-4 (IL4) (BD Pharmingen) for 48 h, 20 ng/ml Interleukin-13 (IL13), 10 ng/ml Interleukin-10 (IL10)for 48 h or Reprogrammed (IL4 was incubated with BMDMs for 24 h, and the medium was replaced with fresh medium containing IFN-γ/LPS to incubate for another 24 h). Phagosomes were isolated after 30 min bead inoculation.