RNA-Seq of murine total lung RNA samples after AAV6.2-mediated Il13 overexpression
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
INSTRUMENT(S): Illumina HiSeq 2000
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
SUBMITTER: Tobias Hildebrandt
PROVIDER: E-MTAB-2598 | biostudies-arrayexpress |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress
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Project description:The main constituents of electronic cigarette liquids are nicotine, propylene glycol (PG), and vegetable glycerin (VG), together with distilled water and flavors. To assess the toxicity of PG/VG mixtures with and without nicotine as basic components of liquids used in e-cigarettes, a 90-day rat inhalation study according to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development test guideline 413 was conducted. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were nose-only exposed, 6 h/day, 5 days/week to filtered air, or nebulized vehicle (saline), or three concentrations of PG/VG (0.174 mg PG/l + 0.210 mg VG/l; 0.520 mg PG/l + 0.630 mg VG/l; 1.520 mg PG/l + 1.890 mg VG/l) with (test item) and without (reference item) 23 µg nicotine/L. Standard toxicological endpoints were complemented by molecular analyses using transcriptomics, proteomics, and lipidomics. Compared to vehicle exposure, the tested PG/VG aerosols showed only very limited biological effects with no signs of toxicity, both for the standard toxicological endpoints (e.g., histopathology, clinical chemistry) and the systems toxicological analyses (transcriptomics, proteomics, and lipidomics). The addition of nicotine to the PG/VG aerosols (23 µg/l) resulted in effects in line with nicotine effects in previous studies. These included up-regulation of xenobiotic enzymes (Cyp1a1 and Fmo3) in the lung and metabolic effects, e.g., reduction in serum lipid concentrations and changes in the expression of metabolic enzymes in the liver. Signs of a generalized stress response to nicotine exposure such as decreased thymus weights were observed; and likely, a subset of the observed metabolic alterations was interlinked with this generalized stress response. Under the conditions of this 90-day SD rat inhalation study, no toxicologically relevant effects of PG/VG aerosols (up to 1.520 mg PG/l + 1.890 mg VG/l) were observed, and the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for PG/VG/nicotine was determined to be 438/544/6.7 mg/kg/day. Further the study demonstrated how complementary systems toxicology analyses can reveal, also in the absence of observable adverse effects, subtoxic and adaptive responses to pharmacologically active compounds such as nicotine.
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Project description:Scleroderma is a lethal and currently irreversible autoimmune disease characterized by widespread tissue fibrosis and vasculopathy. Using cross-species comparative gene expression profiling we show that murine sclerodematous graft-versus-host disease (sclGVHD) approximates an “inflammatory” subset of human scleroderma and that both diseases demonstrate activation of the IL13 cytokine pathway. We report that both host myeloid cells expressing type I and II activated macrophage markers and graft T-cells produce IL13 and that host mice deficient in either IL13 or IL4Ra, an IL13 signal transducer, are protected from disease. This signaling pathway converges on a single gene, CCL2, which is coordinately upregulated in sclGVHD, in the human inflammatory scleroderma subset and in IL13 treated human dermal fibroblasts. Accordingly, treatment with antibodies to CCL2, and its murine homolog CCL12, prevent sclGVHD. Lastly, we provide evidence that IL13 pathway activation in early scleroderma patients correlates with modified Rodnan skin scores (mRSS). These data indicate that an inflammatory subset of scleroderma is driven by IL13 and may benefit from IL13 or CCL2 blockade.
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