Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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A late blight effector promotes a plant growth and development pathway to antagonise immunity

ABSTRACT: To effectively manage resources, regulatory cross-talk between biological processes within an organism is essential. An emerging area in plant research focuses on antagonism between regulatory systems controlling growth/development and those governing immunity. Such crosstalk represents a point of vulnerability for pathogens to exploit. Here we show that the notorious potato blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans promotes a growth and development pathway in order to antagonise plant immunity. AVR2, an effector protein secreted by P. infestans, has been shown to interact with potato BSL1, a putative phosphatase implicated in brassinosteroid hormone signalling. Plants expressing AVR2 exhibit transcriptional and phenotypic overlaps with an over-active brassinosteroid signalling pathway, and have compromised immunity. The activity of AVR2 leads to up-regulation of a functional orthologue of AtHBI1, known to facilitate cross-talk between the brassinosteroid pathway and immune signalling in Arabidopsis. Transient expression of potato HBI1-like compromises immunity and enhances leaf colonisation by P. infestans. Knowledge of how pathogens manipulate regulatory cross-talk governing resource allocation in plants will inform crop breeding efforts of the future; helping to maximise both yield and resistance to ensure food security as pressure on our agricultural systems increases.

INSTRUMENT(S): Agilent G2505B scanner

ORGANISM(S): Solanum tuberosum

SUBMITTER: Pete Hedley

PROVIDER: E-MTAB-3854 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:Purpose: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ubiquitous components of endogenous plant transcriptome. miRNAs are small, single-stranded and ~21 nt long RNAs which regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and are known to play essential roles in various aspects of plant development and growth. Previously, a number of miRNAs have been identified in potato through in silico analysis and deep sequencing approach. However, identification of miRNAs through deep sequencing approach was limited to a few tissue types and developmental stages. This study reports the identification and characterization of potato miRNAs in three different vegetative tissues and four stages of tuber development by high throughput sequencing. Results: Small RNA libraries were constructed from leaf, stem, root and four early developmental stages of tuberization and subjected to deep sequencing, followed by bioinformatics analysis. A total of 89 conserved miRNAs (belonging to 33 families), 147 potato-specific miRNAs (with star sequence) and 112 candidate potato-specific miRNAs (without star sequence) were identified. The digital expression profiling based on TPM (Transcripts Per Million) and qRT-PCR analysis of conserved and potato-specific miRNAs revealed that some of the miRNAs showed tissue specific expression (leaf, stem and root) while a few demonstrated tuberization stage-specific expressions. Targets were predicted for identified conserved and potato-specific miRNAs, and predicted targets of four conserved miRNAs, miR160, miR164, miR172 and miR171, which are ARF16 (Auxin Response Factor 16), NAM (NO APICAL MERISTEM), RAP1 (Relative to APETALA2 1) and HAIRY MERISTEM (HAM) respectively, were experimentally validated using 5M-bM-^@M-2RLM-RACE (RNA ligase mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends). Gene ontology (GO) analysis for potato-specific miRNAs was also performed to predict their potential biological functions. Conclusions: We report a comprehensive study of potato miRNAs at genome-wide level by high-throughput sequencing and demonstrate that these miRNAs have tissue and/or developmental stage specific expression profile. Also, predicted targets of conserved miRNAs were experimentally confirmed for the first time in potato. Our findings indicate the existence of extensive and complex small RNA population in this crop and suggest their important role in pathways involved in diverse biological processes, including tuber developmental process. Total seven (Leaf, Root, Stem, Potato Tuber stage 0(PT0),Potato Tuber stage 1(PT1),Potato Tuber stage 2(PT2),Potato Tuber stage 3(PT3) ) small RNA libraries were consctructed and sequenced by deep sequencing using Illumina GAIIx.

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A late blight effector promotes a plant growth and development pathway to antagonise immunity

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