Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Organ-specific gene expression changes in the fetal liver and placenta in response to maternal folate depletion

ABSTRACT: Growing evidence supports the hypothesis that the in utero environment can have profound implications for fetal development and for offspring health in later life. Current theory suggests that conditions experienced in utero prepare, or ‘programme’, the fetus for its anticipated post-natal environment. The mechanisms responsible for these programming events are poorly understood but are likely to involve gene expression changes. Folate is essential for normal fetal development and inadequate maternal folate supply during pregnancy has long term adverse effects on the offspring. We tested the hypothesis that inadequate folate supply during pregnancy alters offspring programming through altered gene expression. Female C57BL/6J mice were fed diets containing 2 mg folic acid/kg or 0.4 mg folic acid/kg for 4 weeks before mating and throughout pregnancy. At 17.5 day gestation, genome-wide gene expression in fetal liver and placenta of male offspring was measured by microarray analysis. In the fetal liver, 989 genes (555 up-regulated, 434 down-regulated) were expressed differentially in response to maternal folate depletion, with 460 genes expressed differentially (250 up-regulated, 255 down-regulated) in the placenta. Only 25 differentially expressed genes were common between organs, revealing that maternal folate intake during pregnancy influences fetal gene expression in a highly organ specific manner which, we propose, reflects prioritised protection of essential organ-specific functions.

ORGANISM(S): Mus Musculus

SUBMITTER: Michiel Adriaens

PROVIDER: E-MTAB-3940 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:Background: Consumption of high fat diets has negative impacts on health and well-being, some of which may be epigenetically regulated. Selenium and folate are two compounds which influence epigenetic mechanisms. We investigated the hypothesis that post-weaning supplementation with adequate levels of selenium and folate in mouse offspring fed a high fat, low selenium and folate diet during gestation and lactation will lead to epigenetic changes of potential importance for long-term health. Female offspring of mothers fed the experimental diet were either maintained on this diet (HF-low-low), or weaned onto a high-fat diet with sufficient levels of selenium and folate (HF-low-suf), for 8 weeks. Gene and protein expression, DNA methylation, and histone modifications were measured in colon and liver of female offspring. Results: Adequate levels of selenium and folate post-weaning affected gene expression in colon and liver of offspring, including decreasing Slc2a4 gene expression. Protein expression was only altered in the liver. There was no effect of adequate levels of selenium and folate on global histone modifications in the liver. Global liver DNA methylation was decreased in mice switched to adequate levels of selenium and folate, but there was no effect on methylation of specific CpG sites within the Slc2a4 gene in liver. Conclusions: Post-weaning supplementation with adequate levels of selenium and folate in female offspring of mice fed high-fat diets during gestation and lactation can alter global DNA methylation in liver. This may be one mechanism by which the negative effects of a poor diet during early life can be ameliorated. Further research is required to establish what role epigenetic changes play in mediating observed changes in gene and protein expression, and the relevance of these changes to health. Female wild type C57BL/6 mice (Animal Resource Centre, Western Australia) were fed a High Fat diet containing low levels of selenium and folate (HF-Low) for 7 days prior to mating with male C57BL/6 mice (Ruakura Small Animal Facility, Hamilton, New Zealand). Mothers were maintained on the HF-Low diet throughout gestation and lactation. Offspring of these female mice were randomly assigned to one of two different dietary treatments: either the same diet as the mothers (HF-Low), or a High Fat diet containing adequate selenium and folate (HF-Suf). At 12 weeks of age, mice were euthanized and colon and liver samples taken for microarray, proteomics, and DNA methylation analyses. Genomic DNA, total RNA and protein from whole colon and liver tissue was extracted using an AllPrepM-BM-. DNA/RNA/Protein mini kit (Qiagen, Cat number 80004). Colon and liver RNA from six female offspring on the HF-Low diet was compared with colon and liver RNA from six female offspring on the HF-Suf diet. All individual RNA samples were hybridized against a common reference RNA on separate arrays. The reference RNA was prepared by pooling in equimolar proportions RNA extracted from the intestine and liver of twelve female C57BL/6 mice, these being all of the mice from which samples were derived for microarray analysis in the current study.

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Organ-specific gene expression changes in the fetal liver and placenta in response to maternal folate depletion

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