Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Transcriptional profiling of the tuberculin skin test in healthy volunteers and in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with methotrexate or anti-TNF therapy

ABSTRACT: Anti-TNF therapy has transformed the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however little is known about its effects on cell mediated immune responses and TNF-inducible activity at the site of inflammation. Here, we used the tuberculin skin test (TST) as a standardised in vivo human challenge model to make systems level assessments of the effects of anti-TNF therapy in a prototypic cell mediated immune response. RA patients (treated with monoclonal anti-TNF antibodies (adalimumab or infliximab), the soluble TNF receptor etanercept or the standard therapy methotrexate) and healthy volunteers with immunological memory to Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens were identified using an interferon-Î³ release assay of peripheral blood. Two units tuberculin or an equivalent volume of saline was injected into the forearm of study participants (n=50). After 72 hours, 3 mm skin punch biopsies were taken from the injection site and processed for whole genome transcriptional profiling by Agilent gene microarray.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

SUBMITTER: Carolin Turner

PROVIDER: E-MTAB-5093 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:TNF antagonists are routinely used in severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients who failed conventional DMARD therapy. According to large clinical trials, the three available drugs (adalimumab, infliximab and etanercept) display similar effects in terms of efficacy, tolerability and side effects. These studies also indicate that about 25% of RA patients treated with TNF-antagonists do not display any significant clinical improvement. The aim of this study was to investigate global molecular patterns in synovial biopsies from RA patients obtained 12 weeks after initiation of adalimumab therapy. All patients had rheumatoid arthritis (RA), according to the American College of rheumatology criteria for the diagnosis of RA. They had active disease at the time of initiation of adalimumab therapy and were resistant to conventional therapy. They all had erosive changes imaged on conventional x-rays of the hands and/or feet. All patients were treated with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD’s), 23 with methotrexate (median dose 15 mg/week, range 7.5 – 20 mg/week), and 2 with leflunomide (20 mg/day); 18 of them were treated with low-dose steroids (prednisolone ≤ 7.5 mg/day). Six patients had been included in double-blind clinical trials before inclusion in the present study (1 in a Golimumab versus placebo trial, 3 in a MapKinase inhibitor versus placebo trial and 2 in a TACE-inhibitor versus placebo trial). These trials were stopped at least 3 months prior to initiation of TNF-blocking therapy. All drug dosages were stable from at least 3 months prior to initiation of TNF blocking therapy until completion of the study. No steroid injections were allowed during the duration of the study. Adalimumab therapy was initiated at a dosage of 40 mg subcutaneously every other week. Disease activity at baseline and 12 weeks after initiation of therapy (T12) was evaluated using DAS(28)-CRP (3- and 4-variables) scores, and response to therapy was assessed according to the EULAR response criteria that categorize patients in responders (good- or moderate-) and non- (or poor-) responders based on changes in DAS activity between T0 and T12 and absolute DAS values at T12. Synovial biopsies were obtained by needle-arthroscopy of knee of the patients at T12. The aim of the study was to compare gene expression profiles in synovial tissue of RA patients who responded versus not responded to adalimumab therapy.

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the following subset Series:; GSE10432: 13-cis retinoic acid treatment of human sebocytes (SEB-1); GSE10433: Human Skin: Before and 1 week after Isotretinoin Treatment; The pathogenesis of acne has been linked to multiple factors such as increased sebum production, inflammation, follicular hyperkeratinization, and the action of Propionibacterium acnes within the follicle. 13-cis Retinoic Acid (13-cis RA, isotretinoin) is the most potent agent in acne treatment. Surprisingly, its mechanism of action in acne is still unknown. Gene expression profiling of cultured human immortalized sebocytes (SEB-1) treated with 13-cis RA was performed to gain insights into its sebocyte-specific mechanism of action. SEB-1 sebocytes were cultured with 0.1 uM 13-cis RA for 72 hours or vehicle control. Gene array expression profiling was conducted using Affymetrix HG-U95Av2 arrays in order to examine changes in gene expression as a result of treatment. A total of 85 genes (78 different genes) were significantly influenced by 13-cis RA: 58 were upregulated and 27 were down-regulated. There were changes in several genes involved in apoptosis and innate immunity. These studies are the first describing the sebocyte- specific response in gene expression associated with isotretinoin therapy and are valuable in identifying potential therapeutic targets in acne. The pathogenesis of acne has been linked to multiple factors such as increased sebum production, inflammation, follicular hyperkeratinization, and the action of Propionibacterium acnes within the follicle. 13-cis Retinoic Acid (13-cis RA, isotretinoin) is the most potent agent in acne treatment. Surprisingly, its mechanism of action in acne is still unknown. Gene expression profiling of skin from 6 patients treated with isotretinoin was performed to gain insights into its mechanism of action. Skin biopsies were obtained from the patients at baseline and at one-week isotretinoin treatment. Gene array expression profiling was conducted using Affymetrix HG-U133A 2.0 arrays in order to examine changes in gene expression as a result of treatment. After treatment, 43 genes were significantly changed: 38 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated. A significant proportion of these genes are involved in pathways that regulate differentiation, tumor suppression, serine proteases, serine protease inhibitors and solute transfer. These studies are the first describing the initial changes in gene expression associated with isotretinoin therapy and are valuable in identifying potential therapeutic targets in acne. Experiment Overall Design: Refer to individual Series

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Transcriptional profiling of the tuberculin skin test in healthy volunteers and in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with methotrexate or anti-TNF therapy

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