Microarray of human primary CD16+ monocytes treated with fractalkine (CX3CL1) against untreated controls
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ABSTRACT: This experiment is a part of the larger study on angiotensin II role in the upregulation of the CX3CL1 expression and its release in human first trimester placenta. CX3CL1 (or fractalkine) is chemokine involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension, which can be secreted by trophoblasts, initiating the cross talk with monocytes. Thus, we performed the microarray experiment to study the effects of recombinant human CX3CL1 on the transcriptome of human primary monocytes.
Project description:This experiment was performed as part of a hit screening project. Transcriptome analysis was performed to determine whether the screened hits induced a gene expression pattern consistent with proteasome inhibition. MCF-7 cells were exposed to 2x[IC50] of hit compounds for six hours. RNA was processed according to manufacturer's protocol for preparation of HuGene 2.0ST chips to acquire biotinylated sense-strand DNA. Biotinylated DNA was hybridized to HuGene 2.0ST chips at 37°C for 16 hours in a GeneChip® Hybridization Oven 645, washed and stained using the GeneChip® Fluidics Station 450 using the FS450_0002 protocol and scanned with a GeneChip® Scanner 3000 7G.
Project description:Liver disease and toxicity that causes impaired liver functionality have severe effects on normal body functions. There is a strong need for better and more predictable in vitro models for studying disease and improving mechanistic understanding of adverse effects of drugs in humans. This experiment aimed to characterize human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes (hiPS-HEP), in order to assess their potential as in vitro tools for metabolism studies and disease modeling. hiPS-HEP from three cell lines were compared to human primary hepatocytes from three donors, before and after plating.
Project description:The toxicity of NBP and its four major metabolites were compared in both PHHs and PRHs, and 3-OH-NBP was found to be the most toxic metabolite. 3-OH-NBP induced remarkable cell death and oxidative stresses in hepatocytes, which correlated well with the levels of glutathione and N-acetylcysteine adducts (3-GSH-NBP and 3-NAC-NBP) in cell supernatants. Additionally, 3-OH-NBP covalently conjugated with intracellular Cys, Lys and Ser, with preferable binding to Cys sites at Myh9 Cys1380, Prdx4 Cys53, Vdac2 Cys48 and Vdac3 Cys36. Furthermore, we found that CYP3A4 induction by rifampicin augmented NBP-induced cell toxicity and supplementing with GSH or NAC alleviated the oxidative stresses and reactive metabolites caused by 3-OH-NBP.
Project description:Many cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and are recognized as relevant therapeutic targets to attenuate inflammation, such as TNFα in RA and IFNα/γ in SLE. To relate the transcriptional imprinting of cytokines in a cell type-specific and disease-specific manner, we generated gene-expression profiles from peripheral monocytes of SLE and RA patients and compared them to in vitro-generated signatures induced by TNFα, IFNα2a and IFNγ. Monocytes from SLE and RA patients revealed disease-specific gene-expression profiles. In vitro-generated signatures induced by IFNα2a and IFNγ showed similar profiles that only partially overlapped with those induced by TNFα. Comparisons between disease-specific and in vitro-generated signatures identified cytokine-regulated genes in SLE and RA with qualitative and quantitative differences. The IFN-responses in SLE and RA were found to be regulated in a STAT1-dependent and STAT1-independent manner, respectively. Similarly, genes recognized as TNFα-regulated were clearly distinguishable between RA and SLE patients. While the activity of SLE monocytes was mainly driven by IFN, the activity from RA monocytes showed a dominance of TNFα that was characterized by STAT1 down-regulation. The responses to specific cytokines were revealed to be disease-dependent and reflected the interplay of cytokines within various inflammatory milieus. This study has demonstrated that monocytes from RA and SLE patients exhibit disease-specific gene-expression profiles, which can be molecularly dissected when compared to in vitro-generated cytokine signatures. The results suggest that an assessment of cytokine-response status in monocytes may be helpful for improvement of diagnosis and selection of the best cytokine target for therapeutic intervention. Expression profiles of human peripheral blood monocytes activated in vivo and stimulated in vitro. Monocytes from patients with SLE and RA and from healthy donors were used for generating disease-specific gene-expression profiles, where these profiles represent in vivo activation of monocytes. In addition, monocytes from healthy donors were stimulated in vitro by cytokines: TNFα, IFNα2a and IFNγ. Cytokine-specific gene-expression profiles were generated by comparing stimulated monocytes with unstimulated ones. TNFα-, IFNα2a- and IFNγ as cytokine-specific gene-expression profiles were compared with RA and SLE, as disease-specific gene-expression profiles.
Project description:Objectives: Pinolenic acid (PNLA), an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid from pine nuts, has anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic effects. We aimed to investigate the direct anti-inflammatory effect and anti-atherogenic effects of PNLA on activated purified CD14 monocytes from peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in vitro. Methods: Flow cytometry was used to assess the proportions of CD14 monocytes expressing TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-8 in purified monocytes from patients with RA after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation with/without PNLA pre-treatment. The whole genomic transcriptome (WGT) profile of PNLA-treated, and LPS-activated monocytes from patients with active RA was investigated by RNA-sequencing. Results: PNLA reduced percentage of monocytes expressing cytokines: TNF-a by 23% (p=0.048), IL-6 by 25% (p=0.011), IL-1B by 23% (p=0.050), IL-8 by 20% (p=0.066). Pathway analysis identified upstream activation of peroxisomes proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), sirtuin3, and let7miRNA, KLF15 which are anti-inflammatory and antioxidative. In contrast, DAP3, LIF and STAT3, which are involved in TNF-a, and IL-6 signal transduction, were inhibited. Canonical Pathway analysis showed that PNLA inhibited oxidative phosphorylation (p=9.14E-09) and mitochondrial dysfunction (p=4.18E-08), while the sirtuin (SIRTs) signalling pathway was activated (p=8.89E-06) which interfere with the pathophysiologic process of atherosclerosis. Many miRNAs were modulated by PNLA suggesting potential post-transcriptional regulation of metabolic and immune response that has not been described previously. Multiple miRNAs target pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 (PDK4), single-immunoglobulin interleukin-1 receptor molecule (SIGIRR), mitochondrially encoded ATP synthase membrane subunit 6 (MT-ATP6) and Acetyl-CoA Acyltranferase2 (ACAA2); genes implicated in regulation of lipid and cell metabolism, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Conclusion: PNLA has potential anti-atherogenic and immune-metabolic effects on monocytes that are pathogenic in RA and atherosclerosis. Dietary PNLA supplementation regulates key miRNAs that are involved in metabolic, mitochondrial, and inflammatory pathways.
Project description:Comparison of the RNA expression profiles of CD14+ monocytes from human peripheral blood with derived dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages (MACs) obtained by exposure with GM-CSF/IL-4 and GM-CSF, respectively, and with mature DCs and MACs after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure The expression profiles of RNA of human CD14+ monocytes were compared with derived immature dendritic cells (iDCs) and macrophages (iMACs) following GM-CSF/IL-4 and GM-CSF incubation, and then activation/maturation with lypopolysaccharyde (LPS) using the Affymetrix PrimeView Human Gene Expression array (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA). This platform allows the interrogation of >36,000 transcrits and variants per sample. The samples were hybridized in the array following the manufacturerâ??s instructions. Total RNA isolated by standard procedures from CD14+ cells (total monocytes, MOs) corresponding to three sets of samples of monocytes (MOs), derived immature DCs and MACs (iDCS and iMACS) and activated/mature DCs and MACs following incubation with LPS (mDCS and mMACs)
Project description:These experiments were designed as a benchmark tool for deconvolution methods. 5 immune cell populations were sorted from 3 healthy donors' peripheral bloods. Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBCMs) and PolymorphoNuclear Cells (PMN) were separated using gradient centrifugation. T cells (DAPI-/CD3+/CD14-/CD19-/CD56-), monocytes (DAPI-/CD3-/CD14+/CD19-/CD56-), B cells (DAPI-/CD3-/CD14-/CD19+/CD56-) and NK cells (DAPI-/CD3-/CD14-/CD19-/CD56+) were FACS-sorted from PBMCs and neutrophils (DAPI-/CD66b+/CD19-/CD3-/CD56-/CD14-) were sorted from PMNs. RNA was extracted from the purified cell population, as well as from the HCT116 colon cancer cell line. RNAs from pure populations were then mixed in various proportions. RNA from HCT116 cells and FACS-sorted T cells (DAPI-/CD3+/CD14-/CD19-/CD56-), monocytes (DAPI-/CD3-/CD14+/CD19-/CD56-), B cells (DAPI-/CD3-/CD14-/CD19+/CD56-), NK cells (DAPI-/CD3-/CD14-/CD19-/CD56+), and neutrophils (DAPI-/CD66b+/CD19-/CD3-/CD56-/CD14-) were mixed in various proportions.
Project description:Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (pJIA) is a childhood-onset autoimmune disease. Immune cells contribute to persistent inflammation observed in pJIA. Despite the crucial roleof monocytes in arthritis, the precise involvement of classical monocytes in the pathogenesis of pJIA remains uncertain. Here, we aimed to uncover the transcriptomic patterns of classical monocytes in pJIA, focusing on their involvement in disease mechanism and heterogeneity. Seventeen healthy subjects and eighteen premenopausal women with pJIA according to ILAR criteria were included. Classical monocytes were isolated and RNA sequencing was performed. Differential expression analysis was used to compare pJIA patients and healthy control group. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed. Using unsupervised learning approach, patients were clustered in two groups based on their similarities at transcriptomic level. Subsequently, these clusters underwent a comparative analysis to reveal differences at the transcriptomic level. We identified 440 DEGs in pJIA patients of which 360 were up-regulated and 80 down-regulated. GSEA highlighted TNF- and IFN- response. Importantly, this analysis detected genes targeted by pJIA therapy, but also identified new modulators of immuno-inflammation. PLAUR, IL1B, IL6, CDKN1A, PIM1 and ICAM1 were pointed as drivers of chronic hyperinflammation. Unsupervised learning approach revealed two clusters within pJIA, each exhibiting varying inflammation levels. These findings indicate the pivotal role of immuno-inflammation driven by classical monocytes in pJIA and reveals the existence of two subclusters within pJIA, regardless the positivity of rheumatoid factor and anti-CCP, paving the way to precision medicine.
Project description:Understanding cell-type-specific epigenetic codes on a global level is a major challenge after the sequencing of the human genome has been completed. Here we applied methyl-CpG immunoprecipitation (MCIp) to obtain comparative methylation profiles of coding and noncoding genes in three human tissues, testis, brain, and monocytes. Forty-four mainly testis-specific promoters were independently validated using bisulfite sequencing or single-gene MCIp, confirming the results obtained by the MCIp microarray approach. We demonstrate the previously unknown somatic hypermethylation at many CpG-rich, testis-specific gene promoters, in particular in ampliconic areas of the Y chromosome. We also identify a number of miRNA genes showing tissue-specific methylation patterns. The comparison of the obtained tissue methylation profiles with corresponding gene expression data indicates a significant association between tissue-specific promoter methylation and gene expression, not only in CpG-rich promoters. In summary, our study highlights the exceptional epigenetic status of germ-line cells in testis and provides a global insight into tissue-specific DNA methylation patterns. Keywords: MCIp-on-Chip The promoter hypomethylation profiles of the two somatic tissues (monocytes and brain) were compared to human testis (reference). The set includes two hybridisations with independent testis samples for each comparison. Each comparison uses a set of two microarrays.