Metabolomics,Unknown,Transcriptomics,Genomics,Proteomics

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Photoperiodic control of smoltification

ABSTRACT: This experiment is intended to provide information about transcriptional changes in the gill of Atlantic salmon during smoltification, in comparison with juvenile salmon not given the appropriate photoperiodic stimuli. Also, transcriptional changes due to osmotic stress (24H salt water challenged) will be recorded. This to better understand the transformation of the gill from a fresh water-type to a salt water-type, and possibly identify novel and important genes that are dependent upon a specific photoperiodic history for their expression. Additionally the data can be used to observe the shift in salt water response as the juvenile salmon goes through smoltification. Experimental workflow: All fish started on 24H light (LL), after one week, half of the fish were moved to short photoperiod (8:16, SP). The rest remained on LL throughout. After eight weeks, half of the fish on short photoperiod were moved back onto 24H light (SPLL). Remaining fish continued under 8:16. After another eight weeks the experiment was ended. Fish were sampled on days 0, 32, 53, 68, 89 and 110. On each sampling occasion fish were sampled directly from fresh water (FW), and from a 24H salt water (SW) stay, transferred the previous day. Weight and length was noted. Gill tissue was the taken and placed in RNAlater. Additionally plasma for measuring hypoosmoregulatory capacity was taken.

INSTRUMENT(S): Illumina HiSeq 2000

ORGANISM(S): Salmo salar

SUBMITTER: David Hazlerigg

PROVIDER: E-MTAB-8276 | biostudies-arrayexpress |

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-arrayexpress

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Project description:The aim of this experiment was to explore transcriptomic changes in the gills of Altantic salmon (Salmo salar) following a model lab based parr smolt transformation from fresh water (FW) to salt water (SW). The process of smoltification (migration from FW to SW) is stimulated by long day photoperiod, which acts on the tissue-specific levels of active thyroid hormone (triiodothyronine, T3) through the expression of thyroid hormone type 2 deiodinase (dio2), responsible for conversion of inactive thyroxine (T4) to T3. To gain insight into the functional significance of dio2 induction, we performed a SW-challenge experiment in which we inhibited dio2 activity by addition of iopanoic acid (IOP) to the SW. We also assessed the ability of co-treatment with T3 to override IOP effects. Juvenile fish maintained in FW were subjected to a standard smolt photoperiod regime known to stimulate smoltification, after which they were randomly allocated to one of the four treatments: SW, SW+IOP, SW+IOP+T3 and FW as a control. Fish (n = 8-10 per treatment) were exposed to these conditions for 6 h and then sacrificed to obtain gill tissue for microarray analysis, carried out using a custom-designed Agilent oligonucleotide microarray platform Salar_2 (one glass slide with 4 x 44K arrays, Agilent design ID: 025520, array design A-MEXP-2065), developed and validated for Atlantic salmon (for details, see specific protocols) . In total, 36 hybridisations were performed on gills from individual fish, with 8-10 replicate fish per treatment. We identified 1939 genes whose expression was significantly increased or decreased by transfer from FW to SW. For a subset of 259 genes, this SW response was abolished if IOP was added to the SW, but maintained if T3 was also present during IOP treatment. This group of genes constitutes a candidate list, for which SW-inducibility appears to be dependent on locally mediated changes in gill T3 availability. The results of this experiment have been submitted for publication in Current Biology and are currently under review.

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Photoperiodic control of smoltification

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