Dataset Information

MdWRKY120 Enhance Apple Susceptibility to Alternaria alternata.

ABSTRACT: Alternaria alternata (A. alternata) is a common pathogen that greatly influences apples' quantity and quality. However, chemical treatments produce increased health risks along with decreased food and environmental safety. Advancements in plant molecular biology, such as transgenic technology, have increased apple trees' resistance to pathogens and have therefore attracted widespread attention. WRKY transcription factors are involved in abiotic and biotic stress regulation; however, their biological role in non-model plants such as apple, is still unknown. In this investigation, MdWRKY120 was isolated from the 'GL-3' apple to determine its function during Alternaria alternate infection. The MdWRKY120-GFP fusion protein was located in the nucleus. MdWRKY120 in yeast cells exhibited activating transcriptional activity, meaning it is a transcription activator. MdWRKY120 overexpression transgenic plants were more sensitive to A. alternata, while RNAi transgenic plants showed increased resistance to A. alternata. This investigation demonstrates that MdWRKY120 enhances the susceptibility of apples to A. alternata.

SUBMITTER: Liu L

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10004717 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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MdWRKY120 Enhance Apple Susceptibility to Alternaria alternata.

Liu Lifu L Li Xiaoming X Guo Wei W Shi Jiajun J Chen Wenjun W Lei Yingying Y Ma Yue Y Dai Hongyan H

Plants (Basel, Switzerland) 20221205 23

Alternaria alternata (A. alternata) is a common pathogen that greatly influences apples' quantity and quality. However, chemical treatments produce increased health risks along with decreased food and environmental safety. Advancements in plant molecular biology, such as transgenic technology, have increased apple trees' resistance to pathogens and have therefore attracted widespread attention. WRKY transcription factors are involved in abiotic and biotic stress regulation; however, their ...[more]

PMID: 36501429

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Project description:Alternaria blotch disease of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.), caused by the apple pathotype of Alternaria alternata, is one of the most serious fungal diseases to affect apples. To develop an understanding of how apples respond to A. alternata apple pathotype (AAAP) infection, we examined the host transcript accumulation over the period between 0 and 72 h post AAAP inoculation. Large-scale gene expression analysis was conducted of the compatible interaction between "Starking Delicious" apple cultivar and AAAP using RNA-Seq and digital gene expression (DGE) profiling methods. Our results show that a total of 9080 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected (>two-fold and FDR < 0.001) by RNA-Seq. During the early phase of infection, 12 h post inoculation (HPI), AAAP exhibited limited fungal development and little change in the transcript accumulation status (950 DEGs). During the intermediate phase of infection, the period between 18 and 36 HPI, increased fungal development, active infection, and increased transcript accumulation were detected (4111 and 3838 DEGs detected at each time point, respectively). The majority of DEGs were detected by 72 HPI, suggesting that this is an important time point in the response of apples' AAAP infection. Subsequent gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses showed that DEGs are predominately involved in biological processes and metabolic pathways; results showed that almost gene associated with photosynthesis, oxidation-reduction were down-regulated, while transcription factors (i.e., WRKY, MYB, NAC, and Hsf) and DEGs involved in cell wall modification, defense signaling, the synthesis of defense-related metabolites, including pathogenesis-related (PRs) genes and phenylpropanoid/cyanoamino acid /flavonoid biosynthesis, were activated during this process. Our study also suggested that the cell wall defensive vulnerability and the down-regulation of most PRs and HSP70s in "Starking Delicious" following AAAP infection might interpret its susceptible to AAAP.

Project description:Understanding the defence mechanisms used by apple leaves against Alternaria alternate pathogen infection is important for breeding purposes. To investigate the ultrastructural differences between leaf tissues of susceptible and resistant seedlings, in vitro inoculation assays and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis were conducted with two different inoculation assays. The results indicated that the resistant leaves may have certain antifungal activity against A. alternate that is lacking in susceptible leaves. To elucidate the two different host responses to A. alternate infection in apples, the proteomes of susceptible and resistant apple leaves that had or had not been infected with pathogen were characterised using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-TOF MS). MS identified 43 differentially expressed proteins in two different inoculation assays. The known proteins were categorised into 5 classes, among these proteins, some pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, such as beta-1,3-glucanase, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and mal d1, were identified in susceptible and resistant hosts and were associated with disease resistance of the apple host. In addition, the different levels of mal d1 in susceptible and resistant hosts may contribute to the outstanding anti-disease properties of resistant leaves against A. alternate. Taken together, the resistance mechanisms of the apple host against A. alternate may be a result of the PR proteins and other defence-related proteins. Given the complexity of the biology involved in the interaction between apple leaves and the A. alternate pathogen, further investigation will yield more valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of suppression of the A. alternate pathogen. Overall, we outline several novel insights into the response of apple leaves to pathogen attacks. These findings increase our knowledge of pathogen resistance mechanisms, and the data will also promote further investigation into the regulation of the expression of these target proteins.

Dataset Information

MdWRKY120 Enhance Apple Susceptibility to Alternaria alternata.

Publications

<i>MdWRKY120</i> Enhance Apple Susceptibility to <i>Alternaria alternata</i>.

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