Natural Rubber Composites Using Hydrothermally Carbonized Hardwood Waste Biomass as a Partial Reinforcing Filler- Part I: Structure, Morphology, and Rheological Effects during Vulcanization.

ABSTRACT: A new generation biomass-based filler for natural rubber, 'hydrochar' (HC), was obtained by hydrothermal carbonization of hardwood waste (sawdust). It was intended as a potential partial replacement for the traditional carbon black (CB) filler. The HC particles were found (TEM) to be much larger (and less regular) than CB: 0.5-3 µm vs. 30-60 nm, but the specific surface areas were relatively close to each other (HC: 21.4 m²/g vs. CB: 77.8 m²/g), indicating a considerable porosity of HC. The carbon content of HC was 71%, up from 46% in sawdust feed. FTIR and ¹³C-NMR analyses indicated that HC preserved its organic character, but it strongly differs from both lignin and cellulose. Experimental rubber nanocomposites were prepared, in which the content of the c

SUBMITTER: Lubura J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10007617 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature