Dataset Information

Longitudinal neutralizing antibody responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection: A convalescent cohort study in Taiwan.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Understanding the neutralizing antibody (NAb) titer against COVID-19 over time is important to provide information for vaccine implementation. The longitudinal NAb titer over one year after SARS-CoV-2 infection is still unclear. The purposes of this study are to evaluate the duration of the neutralizing NAb titers in COVID-19 convalescents and factors associated with the titer positive duration.

Methods

A cohort study followed COVID-19 individuals diagnosed between 2020 and 2021 May 15th from the COVID-19 database from the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control. We analyzed NAb titers from convalescent SARS-CoV-2 individuals. We used generalized estimating equations (GEE) and a Cox regression model to summarize the factors associated with NAb titers against COVID-19 decaying in the vaccine-free population.

Results

A total of 203 convalescent subjects with 297 analytic samples were followed for a period of up to 588 days. Our study suggests that convalescent COVID-19 in individuals after more than a year and four months pertains to only 25% of positive titers. The GEE model indicates that longer follow-up duration was associated with a significantly lower NAb titer. The Cox regression model indicated the disease severity with advanced condition was associated with maintaining NAb titers (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.11-3.63) and that smoking was also associated with higher risk of negative NAb titers (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.33-0.92).

Conclusions

Neutralizing antibody titers diminished after more than a year. The antibody titer response against SARS-CoV-2 in naturally convalescent individuals provides a reference for vaccinations.

SUBMITTER: Huang YF

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10019033 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Longitudinal neutralizing antibody responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection: A convalescent cohort study in Taiwan.

Huang Yen-Fang YF Hsu Fang-Chi FC Wu Jiunn-Jong JJ Lin Yi-Ling YL Liu Ming-Tsan MT Yang Chin-Hui CH Kuo Hsu-Sung HS Chen Yen-Ju YJ Cheng Chien-Yu CY Lin His-Hsun HH Liao Chun-Che CC Chang Chih-Shin CS Liang Jian-Jong JJ Cheng Wen-Yueh WY Huang Jason C JC Chen Cheng-Pin CP Cheng Shu-Hsing SH Lin Yi-Chun YC Yang Shung-Haur SH Chou Yiing-Jenq YJ

Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection = Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi 20230316 3

<h4>Background</h4>Understanding the neutralizing antibody (NAb) titer against COVID-19 over time is important to provide information for vaccine implementation. The longitudinal NAb titer over one year after SARS-CoV-2 infection is still unclear. The purposes of this study are to evaluate the duration of the neutralizing NAb titers in COVID-19 convalescents and factors associated with the titer positive duration.<h4>Methods</h4>A cohort study followed COVID-19 individuals diagnosed between 2020 ...[more]

PMID: 36967265

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Project description:Currently, neutralizing antibody and vaccine strategies have been developed by targeting the SARS-CoV-2 strain identified during the early phase of the pandemic. Early studies showed that the ability of SARS-CoV-2 RBD or NTD antibodies to elicit infection enhancement in vivo is still controversial. There are growing concerns that the plasma and neutralizing antibodies from convalescent patients or people receiving vaccines mediate ADE of SARS-CoV-2 variants infections in immune cells. Here, we constructed engineered double-mutant variants containing an RBD mutation and D614G in the spike (S) protein and natural epidemic variants to gain insights into the correlation between the mutations in S proteins and the ADE activities and tested whether convalescent plasma and TOP10 neutralizing antibodies in our laboratory mediated the ADE effects of these SARS-CoV-2 variants. We found that one out of 29 convalescent plasma samples caused the ADE effect of pandemic variant B.1.1.7 and that the ADE effect of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 was not detected for any of these plasma samples. Only one antibody, 55A8, from the same batch of convalescent patients mediated the ADE effects of multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants in vitro, including six double-mutant variants and four epidemic variants, suggesting that ADE activities may be closely related to the antibody itself and the SARS-CoV-2 variants' S proteins. Moreover, the ADE activity of 55A8 depended on FcγRII on immune cells, and the introduction of LALA mutations at the Fc end of 55A8 eliminated the ADE effects in vitro, indicating that 55A8LALA may be a clinical drug used to prevent SARS-CoV-2 variants. Altogether, ADE may occur in rare convalescent patients or vaccinees with ADE-active antibodies who are then exposed to a SARS-CoV-2 variant. These data suggested that potential neutralizing antibodies may need to undergo ADE screening tests for SARS-CoV-2 variants, which should aid in the future design of effective antibody-based therapies.

Dataset Information

Longitudinal neutralizing antibody responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection: A convalescent cohort study in Taiwan.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Longitudinal neutralizing antibody responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection: A convalescent cohort study in Taiwan.

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