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Viable mpox virus in the environment of a patient room.

ABSTRACT: We conducted a prospective environmental surveillance study to investigate the air, surface, dust, and water contamination of a room occupied by a patient infected with mpox virus (MPXV) at various stages of the illness. The patient tested positive for MPXV from a throat swab and skin lesions. Environmental sampling was conducted in a negative pressure room with 12 unidirectional high efficiency particulate air filter (HEPA) air changes per hour and daily cleaning of the surfaces. A total of 179 environmental samples were collected on days 7, 8, 13, and 21 of illness. Among the days of sampling, air, surface, and dust contamination showed the highest contamination rates on day 7 and 8 of illness, with a gradual decline to the lowest contamination level by day 21. Viable MPXV was isolated from surfaces and dust samples and no viable virus was isolated from the air and water samples.

SUBMITTER: Marimuthu K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10019930 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Viable mpox virus in the environment of a patient room.

Marimuthu Kalisvar K Wong Judith Chui Ching JCC Lim Poh Lian PL Octavia Sophie S Huan Xiaowei X Ng Yi Kai YK Yang Jun Jing JJ Sutjipto Stephanie S Linn Kyaw Zaw KZ Setoh Yin Xiang YX Ong Chong Hui Clara CHC Griffiths Jane J Farhanah Sharifah S Cheok Thai Shawn TS Sulaiman Nur Ashikin Binti NAB Congcong Sipaco Barbara SB Neves Erica Sena ES Loo Liang Hui LH Hakim Luqman L Sim Shuzhen S Lim Merrill M Nazeem Mohammad M Vasoo Shawn S Tham Kwok Wai KW Ng Oon Tek OT Ng Lee Ching LC

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases 20230317

We conducted a prospective environmental surveillance study to investigate the air, surface, dust, and water contamination of a room occupied by a patient infected with mpox virus (MPXV) at various stages of the illness. The patient tested positive for MPXV from a throat swab and skin lesions. Environmental sampling was conducted in a negative pressure room with 12 unidirectional high efficiency particulate air filter (HEPA) air changes per hour and daily cleaning of the surfaces. A total of 179 ...[more]

PMID: 36933611

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Project description:In the event of a smallpox outbreak due to bioterrorism, delays in vaccination programs may lead to significant secondary transmission. In the early phases of such an outbreak, transmission of smallpox will take place especially in locations where infected persons may congregate, such as hospital emergency rooms. Air disinfection using upper-room 254 nm (UVC) light can lower the airborne concentrations of infective viruses in the lower part of the room, and thereby control the spread of airborne infections among room occupants without exposing occupants to a significant amount of UVC. Using vaccinia virus aerosols as a surrogate for smallpox we report on the effectiveness of air disinfection, via upper-room UVC light, under simulated real world conditions including the effects of convection, mechanical mixing, temperature and relative humidity. In decay experiments, upper-room UVC fixtures used with mixing by a conventional ceiling fan produced decreases in airborne virus concentrations that would require additional ventilation of more than 87 air changes per hour. Under steady state conditions the effective air changes per hour associated with upper-room UVC ranged from 18 to 1000. The surprisingly high end of the observed range resulted from the extreme susceptibility of vaccinia virus to UVC at low relative humidity and use of 4 UVC fixtures in a small room with efficient air mixing. Increasing the number of UVC fixtures or mechanical ventilation rates resulted in greater fractional reduction in virus aerosol and UVC effectiveness was higher in winter compared to summer for each scenario tested. These data demonstrate that upper-room UVC has the potential to greatly reduce exposure to susceptible viral aerosols. The greater survival at baseline and greater UVC susceptibility of vaccinia under winter conditions suggest that while risk from an aerosol attack with smallpox would be greatest in winter, protective measures using UVC may also be most efficient at this time. These data may also be relevant to influenza, which also has improved aerosol survival at low RH and somewhat similar sensitivity to UVC.

Dataset Information

Viable mpox virus in the environment of a patient room.

Publications

Viable mpox virus in the environment of a patient room.

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