Joint Food and Water Insecurity Had a Multiplicative Effect on Women's Depression in Urban Informal Settlements in Makassar, Indonesia during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Women living in urban informal settlements may be particularly vulnerable to the detrimental effects of the COVID-19 pandemic because of increased economic and psychosocial stressors in resource-limited environments.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to assess the associations between food and water insecurity during the pandemic and depression among women living in the urban informal settlements in Makassar, Indonesia.

Methods

We implemented surveys at 3 time points among women enrolled in the Revitalizing Informal Settlements and their Environments trial. Depression was measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-10 (CESD-10) between November and December 2019 and again between February and March 2021. Food insecurity was

SUBMITTER: Charles I 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10028453 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature