Dataset Information

Association between exposure to multiple air pollutants, transportation noise and cause-specific mortality in adults in Switzerland.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Long-term exposure to air pollution and noise is detrimental to health; but studies that evaluated both remain limited. This study explores associations with natural and cause-specific mortality for a range of air pollutants and transportation noise.

Methods

Over 4 million adults in Switzerland were followed from 2000 to 2014. Exposure to PM_2.5, PM_2.5 components (Cu, Fe, S and Zn), NO₂, black carbon (BC) and ozone (O₃) from European models, and transportation noise from source-specific Swiss models, were assigned at baseline home addresses. Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for individual and area-level covariates, were used to evaluate associations with each exposure and death from natural, cardiovascular (CVD) or non-malignant respiratory disease. Analyses included single and two exposure models, and subset analysis to study lower exposure ranges.

Results

During follow-up, 661,534 individuals died of natural causes (36.6% CVD, 6.6% respiratory). All exposures including the PM_2.5 components were associated with natural mortality, with hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 1.026 (1.015, 1.038) per 5 µg/m³ PM_2.5, 1.050 (1.041, 1.059) per 10 µg/m³ NO₂, 1.057 (1.048, 1.067) per 0.5 × 10^-5/m BC and 1.045 (1.040, 1.049) per 10 dB Lden total transportation noise. NO₂, BC, Cu, Fe and noise were consistently associated with CVD and respiratory mortality, whereas PM_2.5 was only associated with CVD mortality. Natural mortality associations persisted < 20 µg/m³ for PM_2.5 and NO₂, < 1.5 10^-5/m BC and < 53 dB Lden total transportation noise. The O₃ association was inverse for all outcomes. Including noise attenuated all outcome associations, though many remained significant. Across outcomes, noise was robust to adjustment to air pollutants (e.g. natural mortality 1.037 (1.033, 1.042) per 10 dB Lden total transportation noise, after including BC).

Conclusion

Long-term exposure to air pollution and transportation noise in Switzerland contribute to premature mortality. Considering co-exposures revealed the importance of local traffic-related pollutants such as NO₂, BC and transportation noise.

SUBMITTER: Vienneau D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10041702 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Association between exposure to multiple air pollutants, transportation noise and cause-specific mortality in adults in Switzerland.

Vienneau Danielle D Stafoggia Massimo M Rodopoulou Sophia S Chen Jie J Atkinson Richard W RW Bauwelinck Mariska M Klompmaker Jochem O JO Oftedal Bente B Andersen Zorana J ZJ Janssen Nicole A H NAH So Rina R Lim Youn-Hee YH Flückiger Benjamin B Ducret-Stich Regina R Röösli Martin M Probst-Hensch Nicole N Künzli Nino N Strak Maciek M Samoli Evangelia E de Hoogh Kees K Brunekreef Bert B Hoek Gerard G

Environmental health : a global access science source 20230327 1

<h4>Background</h4>Long-term exposure to air pollution and noise is detrimental to health; but studies that evaluated both remain limited. This study explores associations with natural and cause-specific mortality for a range of air pollutants and transportation noise.<h4>Methods</h4>Over 4 million adults in Switzerland were followed from 2000 to 2014. Exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub> components (Cu, Fe, S and Zn), NO<sub>2</sub>, black carbon (BC) and ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) from Eu ...[more]

PMID: 36967400

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Project description:BackgroundAlthough plausible from a pathophysiological point of view, robust evidence for effects of transportation noise on mental health remains scarce. Meanwhile, psychiatric diseases are among the most prevalent noncommunicable diseases worldwide, and suicide as a mortality outcome highly connected to mental disorders presents a pressing public health issue. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between source-specific transportation noise, particulate matter (PM) air pollution, residential greenness, and suicide by means of a nationwide cohort study.MethodsRoad traffic, railway and aircraft noise exposure as well as exposure to air pollution [PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5μm (PM2.5)] and greenness [normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)] were linked to 5.1 million adults (age 15 y and older) in the Swiss National Cohort, accounting for their address history. Mean noise exposure in 5-y periods was calculated. Individuals were followed for up to 15 y (2001-2015). Time-varying Cox regression models were applied to deaths by suicide (excluding assisted suicide). Models included all three noise sources, PM2.5, and NDVI plus individual and spatial covariates, including socioeconomic status. Effect modification by sex, age, socioeconomic indicators, and degree of urbanization was explored.ResultsDuring the follow-up, there were 11,265 suicide deaths (10.4% poisoning, 33.3% hanging, 28.7% firearms, 14.7% falls). Road traffic and railway noise were associated with total suicides [hazard ratios: 1.040; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.015, 1.065; and 1.022 (95% CI: 1.004, 1.041) per 10 dB day-evening-night level (Lden)], whereas for aircraft noise, a risk increase starting from 50 dB was masked by an inverse association in the very low exposure range (30-40 dB). Associations were stronger for females than males. The results were robust to adjustment for residential greenness and air pollution.ConclusionIn this longitudinal, nationwide cohort study, we report a robust association between exposure to road traffic and railway noise and risk of death by suicide after adjusting for exposure to air pollution and greenness. These findings add to the growing body of evidence that mental health disorders may be related to chronic transportation noise exposure. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11587.

Project description:Existing research on the detrimental effects of air pollution and its mixture on multiple chronic conditions (MCC) is not yet fully recognized. Our objective was to examine if individual and joint exposure to air pollution is associated with the incidence and patterns of MCC. Totally 10,231 CHARLS 2015 participants aged over 45 years and 1,938 without MCC were followed up in 2018 and 2020. Residential-levelcumulative personal exposure concentrations of PM1, PM10, PM2.5, CO, O3, NO2, SO2, NO3-, Cl-, NH4+, and SO42- at the residential level were determined utilizing a spatio-temporal random forest model with a spatial resolution of 0.1° × 0.1°. In the cross-sectional and longitudinal research, logistic regression, cox regression analysis, and quantile g-computation were utilized to estimate the single and joint effect with MCC and its patterns, respectively. Interaction analyses and stratified analyses were also performed. A correlation was observed between the prevalence of cardiovascular illnesses and the presence of all 11 major air pollutants. PM2.5, PM10, NH4+, NO3-, CO, and SO42- are associated with an increased frequency of respiratory disorders. An increase of PM2.5, PM1, PM10, NO2, and SO2 (a 10 µg/m3 rise), CO (a 0.1 mg/m3 rise), and PMCs (Cl-, NH4+, NO3-, and SO42-) (a 1 µg/m3 rise) corresponded to the HRs (95% CI) for developing MCC of 1.194 (95% CI: 1.043, 1.367), 1.362 (95% CI: 1.073, 1.728), 1.115 (95% CI: 1.026, 1.212), 1.443 (95% CI: 1.151, 1.808), 3.175 (95% CI: 2.291, 4.401), 1.272 (95% CI: 1.149,1.410), 1.382 (95% CI: 1.011, 1.888), 1.107 (95% CI: 1.003, 1.222), 1.035 (95% CI: 0.984, 1.088), and 1.122 (95% CI: 1.086, 1.160), respectively. SO2 was the predominant contributor to the combined effect (HR: 2.083, 95% CI: 1.659-2.508). Gender, age, drinking, and health status could modify the effects of air pollutants on MCC patterns. Long-term exposure to air pollution is correlated to the incidence and patterns of MCC in middle-aged and elderly Chinese individuals. Preventive methods are essential to safeguarding those susceptible to MCC.

Project description:BackgroundEveryday people are exposed to multiple environmental factors, such as surrounding green, air pollution and traffic noise. These exposures are generally spatially correlated. Hence, when estimating associations of surrounding green, air pollution or traffic noise with health outcomes, the other exposures should be taken into account. The aim of this study was to evaluate associations of long-term residential exposure to surrounding green, air pollution and traffic noise with mortality.MethodsWe followed approximately 10.5 million adults (aged ≥ 30 years) living in the Netherlands from 1 January 2013 until 31 December 2018. We used Cox proportional hazard models to evaluate associations of residential surrounding green (including the average Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in buffers of 300 and 1000 m), annual average ambient air pollutant concentrations [including particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2)] and traffic noise with non-accidental and cause-specific mortality, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsIn single-exposure models, surrounding green was negatively associated with all mortality outcomes, while air pollution was positively associated with all outcomes. In two-exposure models, associations of surrounding green and air pollution attenuated but remained. For respiratory mortality, in a two-exposure model with NO2 and NDVI 300 m, the HR of NO2 was 1.040 (95%CI: 1.022, 1.059) per IQR increase (8.3 µg/m3) and the HR of NDVI 300 m was 0.964 (95%CI: 0.952, 0.976) per IQR increase (0.14). Road-traffic noise was positively associated with lung cancer mortality only, also after adjustment for air pollution or surrounding green.ConclusionsLower surrounding green and higher air pollution were associated with a higher risk of non-accidental and cause-specific mortality. Studies including only one of these correlated exposures may overestimate the associations with mortality of that exposure.

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Dataset Information

Association between exposure to multiple air pollutants, transportation noise and cause-specific mortality in adults in Switzerland.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Publications

Association between exposure to multiple air pollutants, transportation noise and cause-specific mortality in adults in Switzerland.

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