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Dietary Supplementation of Microbial Dextran and Inulin Exerts Hypocholesterolemic Effects and Modulates Gut Microbiota in BALB/c Mice Models.

ABSTRACT: Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs), having great structural diversity, have gained tremendous interest for their prebiotic effects. In the present study, mice models were used to investigate if microbial dextran and inulin-type EPSs could also play role in the modulation of microbiomics and metabolomics by improving certain biochemical parameters, such as blood cholesterol and glucose levels and weight gain. Feeding the mice for 21 days on EPS-supplemented feed resulted in only 7.6 ± 0.8% weight gain in the inulin-fed mice group, while the dextran-fed group also showed a low weight gain trend as compared to the control group. Blood glucose levels of the dextran- and inulin-fed groups did not change significantly in comparison with the control where it increased by 22 ± 5%. Moreover, the dextran and inulin exerted pronounced hypocholesterolemic effects by reducing the serum cholesterol levels by 23% and 13%, respectively. The control group was found to be mainly populated with Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus gallinarum, Mammaliicoccus lentus and Klebsiella aerogenes. The colonization of E. faecalis was inhibited by 59-65% while the intestinal release of Escherichia fergusonii was increased by 85-95% in the EPS-supplemented groups, respectively, along with the complete inhibition of growth of other enteropathogens. Additionally, higher populations of lactic acid bacteria were detected in the intestine of EPS-fed mice as compared to controls.

SUBMITTER: Jawad I

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10049499 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Dietary Supplementation of Microbial Dextran and Inulin Exerts Hypocholesterolemic Effects and Modulates Gut Microbiota in BALB/c Mice Models.

Jawad Iqra I Bin Tawseen Husam H Irfan Muhammad M Ahmad Waqar W Hassan Mujtaba M Sattar Fazal F Awan Fazli Rabbi FR Khaliq Shazia S Akhtar Nasrin N Akhtar Kalsoom K Anwar Munir Ahmad MA Munawar Nayla N

International journal of molecular sciences 20230310 6

Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs), having great structural diversity, have gained tremendous interest for their prebiotic effects. In the present study, mice models were used to investigate if microbial dextran and inulin-type EPSs could also play role in the modulation of microbiomics and metabolomics by improving certain biochemical parameters, such as blood cholesterol and glucose levels and weight gain. Feeding the mice for 21 days on EPS-supplemented feed resulted in only 7.6 ± 0.8% weigh ...[more]

PMID: 36982388

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Project description:PurposeInulin is a type of fermentable dietary fiber, which is non-digestible, and can improve metabolic function by modulating intestinal microbiota. This study aimed to evaluate the role of inulin in hyperuricemia and microbial composition of the gut microbiota in a mouse model of hyperuricemia established through knockout of Uox (urate oxidase) gene.MethodsKO (Uox-knockout) and WT (wild-type) mice were given inulin or saline by gavage for 7 weeks. The effect of inulin to combat hyperuricemia was determined by assessing the changes in serum UA (uric acid) levels, inflammatory parameters, epithelial barrier integrity, fecal microbiota alterations, and SCFA (short-chain fatty acid) concentrations in KO mice.ResultsInulin supplementation can effectively alleviate hyperuricemia, increase the expressions of ABCG2 in intestine, and downregulate expression and activity of hepatic XOD (xanthine oxidase) in KO mice. It was revealed that the levels of inflammatory cytokines and the LPS (lipopolysaccharide) were remarkably higher in the KO group than those in the WT group, indicating systemic inflammation of hyperuricemic mice, but inulin treatment ameliorated inflammation in KO mice. Besides, inulin treatment repaired the intestinal epithelial barrier as evidenced by increased levels of intestinal TJ (tight junction) proteins [ZO-1 (zonula occludens-1) and occluding] in KO mice. Moreover, serum levels of uremic toxins, including IS (indoxyl sulfate) and PCS (p-cresol sulfate), were reduced in inulin-treated KO mice. Further investigation unveiled that inulin supplementation enhanced microbial diversity and raised the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, involving SCFAs-producing bacteria (e.g., Akkermansia and Ruminococcus). Additionally, inulin treatment increased the production of gut microbiota-derived SCFAs (acetate, propionate and butyrate concentrations) in KO mice, which was positively correlated with the effectiveness of hyperuricemia relief.ConclusionsOur findings showed that inulin may be a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of hyperuricemia. Moreover, alleviation of hyperuricemia by inulin supplementation was, at least, partially conciliated by modulation of gut microbiota and its metabolites.

Project description:Background and objectivesGut dysbiosis that resulted from the alteration between host-microbe interaction might worsen obesity-induced systemic inflammation. Gut microbiota manipulation by supplementation of prebiotic inulin may reverse metabolic abnormalities and improve obesity. This study aimed to determine whether inulin supplementation improved intestinal microbiota and microbial functional pathways in children with obesity.MethodsChildren with obesity whose BMI above median + 2SDs were recruited to a randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled study. The participants aged 7-15 years were assigned to inulin supplement extracted from Thai Jerusalem artichoke (intervention), maltodextrin (placebo), and dietary fiber advice groups. All participants received similar monthly conventional advice and follow-up for 6 months. Fecal samples were collected for gut microbiome analysis using 16S rRNA sequencing. Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States was performed to infer microbial functional pathways.ResultsOne hundred and forty-three children with available taxonomic and functional pathway abundance profiles were evaluated. A significant increase in alpha-diversity was observed in the inulin group. Inulin supplementation substantially enhanced Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Megasphaera, and several butyrate-producing bacteria, including Agathobacter, Eubacterium coprostanoligenes, and Subdoligranulum, compared to the other groups. The inulin group showed a significant difference in functional pathways of proteasome and riboflavin metabolism. These changes correlated with clinical and metabolic outcomes exclusively in the inulin group.ConclusionsInulin supplementation significantly promoted gut bacterial diversity and improved gut microbiota dysbiosis in children with obesity. The modulation of functional pathways by inulin suggests its potential to establish beneficial interactions between the gut microbiota and host physiology. Inulin supplementation could be a strategic treatment to restore the balance of intestinal microbiota and regulate their functions in childhood obesity.

Project description:As previous studies have demonstrated a link between the porcine intestinal microbiome and feed efficiency (FE), microbiota manipulation may offer a means of improving FE in pigs. A fecal microbiota transplantation procedure (FMTp), using fecal extracts from highly feed-efficient pigs, was performed in pregnant sows (n = 11), with a control group (n = 11) receiving no FMTp. At weaning, offspring were allocated, within sow treatment, to (i) control (n = 67; no dietary supplement) or (ii) inulin (n = 65; 6-week dietary inulin supplementation) treatments. The sow FMTp, alone or in combination with inulin supplementation in offspring, reduced offspring body weight by 8.1 to 10.6 kg at ∼140 days of age, but there was no effect on feed intake. It resulted in better FE, greater bacterial diversity, and higher relative abundances of potentially beneficial bacterial taxa (Fibrobacter and Prevotella) in offspring. Due to the FMTp and/or inulin supplementation, relative abundances of potential pathogens (Chlamydia and Treponema) in the ileum and cecal concentrations of butyric acid were significantly lower. The maternal FMTp led to a greater number of jejunal goblet cells in offspring. Inulin supplementation alone did not affect growth or FE but upregulated duodenal genes linked to glucose and volatile fatty acid homeostasis and increased the mean platelet volume but reduced ileal propionic acid concentrations, granulocyte counts, and serum urea concentrations. Overall, the FMTp in pregnant sows, with or without dietary inulin supplementation in offspring, beneficially modulated offspring intestinal microbiota (albeit mostly low-relative-abundance taxa) and associated physiological parameters. Although FE was improved, the detrimental effect on growth limits the application of this FMTp-inulin strategy in commercial pig production.IMPORTANCE As previous research suggests a link between microbiota and FE, modulation of the intestinal microbiome may be effective in improving FE in pigs. The FMTp in gestating sows, alone or in combination with postweaning dietary inulin supplementation in offspring, achieved improvements in FE and resulted in a higher relative abundance of intestinal bacteria associated with fiber degradation and a lower relative abundance of potential pathogens. However, there was a detrimental effect on growth, although this may not be wholly attributable to microbiota transplantation, as antibiotic and other interventions were also part of the FMT regimen. Therefore, further work with additional control groups is needed to disentangle the effects of each component of the FMTp in order to develop a regimen with practical applications in pig production. Additional research based on findings from this study may also identify specific dietary supplements for the promotion/maintenance of the microbiota transferred via the maternal FMTp, thereby optimizing pig growth and FE.

Project description:IntroductionAlterations in cognitive performance are associated with inadequate nutritional states and diet composition. Prebiotics, such as inulin, are substances that can modulate the gut microbiome and, consequently, brain function by producing metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation with inulin on cognitive flexibility, body composition, and gut microbiota in a murine model exposed to a high-fat (HF) diet.MethodsCD1 mice were divided into five groups: control fed a standard diet (C), high-fat diet (HF), inulin (I), high-fat diet with inulin (HFI), and manipulation control (M). Dietary supplementation was administered for 6 weeks. Cognitive flexibility was assessed using the Attentional Set-Shifting Test (AST). In addition, body composition was measured via electrical bioimpedance and adipose tissue compartments of each mouse were removed and weighed. Finally, gut microbiota metataxonomic was analyzed through metataxonomic bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing.ResultsWe observed that HF group required more AST trials than the C, HFI, and I groups in the compound discrimination (CD) and extra-dimensional (ED) stages. Notably, the HFI group required fewer trials than the HF group in the ED stage (p = 0.0187). No significant differences in overall body composition were observed between the groups. However, the percentage of gonadal and peritoneal adipose tissue was significantly higher in the HF and I groups compared to the C group. Statistically significant differences in alpha diversity for gut microbiota were observed using the Shannon, Simpson, and Chao1 indices. The I group showed a decrease in bacterial diversity compared to the HF group. While no differences were observed between groups in the phyla Bacillota and Bacteroidotes, Clostridium bacteria represented a lower proportion of sequences in the I group compared to the C group. Additionally, Lactobacillus represented a lower proportion of sequences in the HF group compared to the C and I groups.DiscussionThese findings suggest that supplementation with inulin could be a useful approach to mitigate the negative effects of an HF diet on cognitive flexibility and modulate gut microbiota composition.

Project description:Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is one of the highly infectious diseases in dairy cows with the characteristics of high incidence and nonvisible clinical symptoms. The gastrointestinal microbiota is closely related to mastitis. Inulin is a prebiotic fiber with functions in improving intestinal microbial communities and enhancing the host's immunity. However, the impact of dietary inulin on the rumen inner environment remains unknown. The current study investigated whether inulin could relieve SCM by affecting the profiles of ruminal bacterial and metabolites in dairy cows. Inulin inclusion rates were 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 g/day per cow, respectively. Inulin increased milk yield, milk protein, and lactose and reduced the somatic cell counts (SCC) in milk. In serum, the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were decreased, and IL-4 and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were increased. Meanwhile, inulin increased the concentration of propionate, butyrate, and lactic acid (LA), while it decreased NH3-N in rumen. The propionate- and butyrate-producing bacteria (e.g., Prevotella and Butyrivibrio) and several beneficial commensal bacteria (e.g., Muribaculaceae and Bifidobacterium) as well as metabolites related to energy and amino acid metabolism (e.g., melibiose and l-glutamate) were increased. However, several proinflammatory bacteria (e.g., Clostridia UCG-014, Streptococcus, and Escherichia-Shigella) were decreased, accompanied by the downregulation of lipid proinflammatory metabolites, for example, ceramide(d18:0/15:0) [Cer(d18:0/15:0)] and 17-phenyl-18,19,20-trinor-prostaglandin E2. In the current study, the above indicators showed the best response in the 300 g/day inulin group. Overall, dietary supplementation of inulin could alleviate inflammatory responses in cows with SCM through improving the rumen inner environment. IMPORTANCE The correlation between mastitis and the gastrointestinal microbiome in dairy cows has been demonstrated. Regulating the profile of rumen microorganisms may contribute to remission of subclinical mastitis (SCM). Supplementation of inulin in the diets of cows with SCM could increase the abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria and beneficial commensal bacteria in rumen and meanwhile the levels of amino acids and energy metabolism. Conversely, the abundance of ruminal bacteria and metabolites with proinflammatory effects were decreased. Our study suggests that the improvement of the rumen internal environment by inulin supplementation could ameliorate inflammatory responses during SCM in dairy cows and thus improve lactation performance and milk quality. Our results provide a theoretical basis for regulation measures of SCM in dairy cows.

Dataset Information

Dietary Supplementation of Microbial Dextran and Inulin Exerts Hypocholesterolemic Effects and Modulates Gut Microbiota in BALB/c Mice Models.

Publications

Dietary Supplementation of Microbial Dextran and Inulin Exerts Hypocholesterolemic Effects and Modulates Gut Microbiota in BALB/c Mice Models.

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