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Is Maximal Lactate Accumulation Rate Promising for Improving 5000-m Prediction in Running?

ABSTRACT: Endurance running performance can be predicted by maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O₂max), the fractional utilisation of oxygen uptake (%V̇O₂max) and running economy at lactate threshold (RE_OBLA). This study aims to assess maximal lactate accumulation rate (ċLa_max) in terms of improving running performance prediction in trained athletes. Forty-four competitive female and male runners/triathletes performed an incremental step test, a 100-m sprint test and a ramp test to determine their metabolic profile. Stepwise linear regression was used to predict 5000-m time trial performance. Split times were recorded every 200-m to examine the 'finishing kick'. Females had a slower t_5k and a lower V̇O₂max, ċLa_max, 'finishing kick' and RE_OBLA. Augmenting Joyner's model by means of ċLa_max explained an additional 4.4% of variance in performance. When performing the same analysis exclusively for males, ċLa_max was not included. ċLa_max significantly correlated with %V̇O₂max (r=-0.439, p=0.003) and the 'finishing kick' (r=0.389, p=0.010). ċLa_max allows for significant (yet minor) improvements in 5000-m performance prediction in a mixed-sex group. This margin of improvement might differ in middle-distance events. Due to the relationship to the 'finishing kick', ċLa_max might be related to individual pacing strategies, which should be assessed in future research.

SUBMITTER: Quittmann OJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10072929 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Is Maximal Lactate Accumulation Rate Promising for Improving 5000-m Prediction in Running?

Quittmann Oliver Jan OJ Foitschik Tina T Vafa Ramin R Freitag Finn Jannis FJ Sparmann Nordin N Nolte Simon S Abel Thomas T

International journal of sports medicine 20221218 4

Endurance running performance can be predicted by maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), the fractional utilisation of oxygen uptake (%V̇O2max) and running economy at lactate threshold (REOBLA). This study aims to assess maximal lactate accumulation rate (ċLamax) in terms of improving running performance prediction in trained athletes. Forty-four competitive female and male runners/triathletes performed an incremental step test, a 100-m sprint test and a ram ...[more]

PMID: 36529130

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Project description:The four cytokines erythropoietin (EPO), interleukin-4 (IL4), human growth hormone (hGH), and prolactin (PRL) all form four-helix bundles and bind to type I cytokine receptors. However, their receptor-binding rate constants span a 5000-fold range. Here, we quantitatively rationalize these vast differences in rate constants by our transient-complex theory for protein-protein association. In the transient complex, the two proteins have near-native separation and relative orientation, but have yet to form the short-range specific interactions of the native complex. The theory predicts the association rate constant as k(a)=k(a0)exp(-ΔG(el)(∗)/k(B)T) where k(a0) is the basal rate constant for reaching the transient complex by random diffusion, and the Boltzmann factor captures the rate enhancement due to electrostatic attraction. We found that the vast differences in receptor-binding rate constants of the four cytokines arise mostly from the differences in charge complementarity among the four cytokine-receptor complexes. The basal rate constants (k(a0)) of EPO, IL4, hGH, and PRL were similar (5.2 × 10(5) M(-1)s(-1), 2.4 × 10(5) M(-1)s(-1), 1.7 × 10(5) M(-1)s(-1), and 1.7 × 10(5) M(-1)s(-1), respectively). However, the average electrostatic free energies (ΔG(e1)(∗)) were very different (-4.2 kcal/mol, -2.4 kcal/mol, -0.1 kcal/mol, and -0.5 kcal/mol, respectively, at ionic strength=160 mM). The receptor-binding rate constants predicted without adjusting any parameters, 6.2 × 10(8) M(-1)s(-1), 1.3 × 10(7) M(-1)s(-1), 2.0 × 10(5) M(-1)s(-1), and 7.6 × 10(4) M(-1)s(-1), respectively, for EPO, IL4, hGH, and PRL agree well with experimental results. We uncover that these diverse rate constants are anticorrelated with the circulation concentrations of the cytokines, with the resulting cytokine-receptor binding rates very close to the limits set by the half-lives of the receptors, suggesting that these binding rates are functionally relevant and perhaps evolutionarily tuned. Our calculations also reproduced well-observed effects of mutations and ionic strength on the rate constants and produced a set of mutations on the complex of hGH with its receptor that putatively enhances the rate constant by nearly 100-fold through increasing charge complementarity. To quantify charge complementarity, we propose a simple index based on the charge distribution within the binding interface, which shows good correlation with ΔG(e1)(∗). Together these results suggest that protein charges can be manipulated to tune k(a) and control biological function.

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Is Maximal Lactate Accumulation Rate Promising for Improving 5000-m Prediction in Running?

Publications

Is Maximal Lactate Accumulation Rate Promising for Improving 5000-m Prediction in Running?

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