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Attenuated facial movement in depressed women is associated with symptom severity, and nucleus accumbens functional connectivity.

ABSTRACT: It is assumed that mood can be inferred from one's facial expression. While this association may prove to be an objective marker for mood disorders, few studies have explicitly evaluated this linkage. The facial movement responses of women with major depressive disorder (n = 66) and healthy controls (n = 46) under emotional stimuli were recorded using webcam. To boost facial movements, the naturalistic audio-visual stimuli were presented. To assess consistent global patterns across facial movements, scores for facial action units were extracted and projected onto principal component using principal component analysis. The associations of component for facial movements with functional brain circuitry was also investigated. Clusters of mouth movements, such as lip press and stretch, identified by principal component analysis, were attenuated in depressive patients compared to those in healthy controls. This component of facial movements was associated with depressive symptoms, and the strengths of resting brain functional connectivity between nucleus accumbens and both posterior insular cortex and thalamus. The evaluation of facial movements may prove to be a promising quantitative marker for assessing depressive symptoms and their underlying brain circuitry.

SUBMITTER: Jung C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10074984 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Attenuated facial movement in depressed women is associated with symptom severity, and nucleus accumbens functional connectivity.

Jung Changjin C Kim Jieun J Choi Sunyoung S Seo Young Kyung YK Park Ki-Sun KS Choi Youngeun Y Choi Sung Min SM Kwon Ojin O Song Youngkyu Y Kim Jooyeon J Cho Gyunggoo G Cheong Chaejoon C Napadow Vitaly V Jung In Chul IC Kim Hyungjun H

NeuroImage. Clinical 20230316

It is assumed that mood can be inferred from one's facial expression. While this association may prove to be an objective marker for mood disorders, few studies have explicitly evaluated this linkage. The facial movement responses of women with major depressive disorder (n = 66) and healthy controls (n = 46) under emotional stimuli were recorded using webcam. To boost facial movements, the naturalistic audio-visual stimuli were presented. To assess consistent global patterns across facial moveme ...[more]

PMID: 36989853

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Project description:Work in animal and human neuroscience has identified neural regions forming a network involved in the production of motivated, goal-directed behaviour. In particular, the nucleus accumbens and anterior cingulate cortex are recognized as key network nodes underlying decisions of whether to exert effort for reward, to drive behaviour. Previous work has convincingly shown that this cognitive mechanism, known as effort-based decision making, is altered in people with Parkinson's disease with a syndrome of reduced goal-directed behaviour-apathy. Building on this work, we investigated whether the neural regions implementing effort-based decision-making were associated with apathy in Parkinson's disease, and more importantly, whether changes to these regions were evident prior to apathy development. We performed a large, multimodal neuroimaging analysis in a cohort of people with Parkinson's disease (n = 199) with and without apathy at baseline. All participants had ∼2-year follow-up apathy scores, enabling examination of brain structure and function specifically in those with normal motivation who converted to apathy by ∼2-year follow-up. In addition, of the people with normal motivation, a subset (n = 56) had follow-up neuroimaging data, allowing for examination of the 'rate of change' in key nodes over time in those who did, and did not, convert to apathy. Healthy control (n = 54) data were also included to aid interpretation of findings. Functional connectivity between the nucleus accumbens and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex was higher in people with normal motivation who later converted to apathy compared to those who did not, whereas no structural differences were evident between these groups. In contrast, grey matter volume in these regions was reduced in the group with existing apathy. Furthermore, of those with normal motivation who had undergone longitudinal neuroimaging, converters to apathy showed a higher rate of change in grey matter volume within the nucleus accumbens. Overall, we show that changes in functional connectivity between nucleus accumbens and anterior cingulate cortex precedes apathy in people with Parkinson's disease, with conversion to apathy associated with higher rate of grey matter volume loss in nucleus accumbens, despite no baseline differences. These findings significantly add to an accumulating body of transdiagnostic evidence that apathy arises from disruption to key nodes within a network in which normal goal-directed behaviour is instantiated, and raise the possibility of identifying those at risk for developing apathy before overt motivational deficits have arisen.

Project description:BackgroundYoung children are at high risk for developing complications of influenza, as well as severe clinical presentation of disease. Vaccination provides direct protection and reduces symptom severity in breakthrough infections. We assessed whether adjuvanted trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine is associated with symptom severity in children who developed laboratory-confirmed influenza, as compared to children who received quadrivalent inactivated influenza.MethodsA cluster randomized controlled trial of influenza vaccines in Canadian Hutterite colonies was conducted from the 2016-2017 to the 2018-2019 influenza season. Children were vaccinated with either quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (QIV), or the MF59 adjuvanted trivalent influenza vaccine (aTIV). We assessed children who developed PCR-confirmed influenza infection for symptom severity outcomes using multivariable generalized negative binomial regression.ResultsAmong vaccinated children, 49 infections were observed across 1779 person-days. Vaccine formulation (aTIV vs QIV) was not significantly associated with composite symptom outcomes, including total number of symptoms or total duration of symptom presentation (p > 0.05 for all outcomes). Receipt of aTIV vaccination was significantly associated with attenuation of fever, with an estimated 74% reduction in fever severity. In influenza A type infections, adjuvanted vaccination was significantly associated with reduced systemic symptoms (incidence rate ratios: 0.16, 95% confidence intervals: 0.03, 0.64, p = 0.01). No associations were observed between vaccine formulation and symptom severity in influenza B infections.ConclusionsIn vaccinated children who develop an influenza infection, vaccine formulation was associated with attenuated fever severity, leading to reduced systemic symptoms. In influenza A infections, adjuvanted vaccination was significantly associated with reduced systemic symptoms.ConclusionsClinical Trials Registry: NCT02871206.

Project description:IntroductionMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with dysfunctional reward processing, which involves functional circuitry of the habenula (Hb) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). Since ketamine elicits rapid antidepressant and antianhedonic effects in MDD, this study sought to investigate how serial ketamine infusion (SKI) treatment modulates static and dynamic functional connectivity (FC) in Hb and NAc functional networks.MethodsMDD participants (n = 58, mean age = 40.7 years, female = 28) received four ketamine infusions (0.5 mg/kg) 2-3 times weekly. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans and clinical assessments were collected at baseline and 24 h post-SKI. Static FC (sFC) and dynamic FC variability (dFCv) were calculated from left and right Hb and NAc seeds to all other brain regions. Changes in FC pre-to-post SKI, and correlations with changes with mood and anhedonia were examined. Comparisons of FC between patients and healthy controls (HC) at baseline (n = 55, mean age = 32.6, female = 31), and between HC assessed twice (n = 16) were conducted as follow-up analyses.ResultsFollowing SKI, significant increases in left Hb-bilateral visual cortex FC, decreases in left Hb-left inferior parietal cortex FC, and decreases in left NAc-right cerebellum FC occurred. Decreased dFCv between left Hb and right precuneus and visual cortex, and decreased dFCv between right NAc and right visual cortex both significantly correlated with improvements in mood ratings. Decreased FC between left Hb and bilateral visual/parietal cortices as well as increased FC between left NAc and right visual/parietal cortices both significantly correlated with improvements in anhedonia. No differences were observed between HC at baseline or over time.ConclusionSubanesthetic ketamine modulates functional pathways linking the Hb and NAc with visual, parietal, and cerebellar regions in MDD. Overlapping effects between Hb and NAc functional systems were associated with ketamine's therapeutic response.

Dataset Information

Attenuated facial movement in depressed women is associated with symptom severity, and nucleus accumbens functional connectivity.

Publications

Attenuated facial movement in depressed women is associated with symptom severity, and nucleus accumbens functional connectivity.

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