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A real-time feedback system stabilises the regulation of worker reproduction under various colony sizes.

ABSTRACT: Social insects demonstrate adaptive behaviour for a given colony size. Remarkably, most species do this even without visual information in a dark environment. However, how they achieve this is yet unknown. Based on individual trait expression, an agent-based simulation was used to identify an explicit mechanism for understanding colony size dependent behaviour. Through repeated physical contact between the queen and individual workers, individual colony members monitor the physiological states of others, reflecting such contact information in their physiology and behaviour. Feedback between the sensing of physiological states and the corresponding behaviour patterns leads to self-organisation with colonies shifting according to their size. We showed (1) the queen can exhibit adaptive behaviour patterns for the increase in colony size while density per space remains unchanged, and (2) such physical constraints can underlie the adaptive switching of colony stages from successful patrol behaviour to unsuccessful patrol behaviour, which leads to constant ovary development (production of reproductive castes). The feedback loops embedded in the queen between the perception of internal states of the workers and behavioural patterns can explain the adaptive behaviour as a function of colony size.

SUBMITTER: Adejumo S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10075462 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A real-time feedback system stabilises the regulation of worker reproduction under various colony sizes.

Adejumo Simeon S Kikuchi Tomonori T Tsuji Kazuki K Maruyama-Onda Kana K Sugawara Ken K Hayashi Yoshikatsu Y

PLoS computational biology 20230324 3

Social insects demonstrate adaptive behaviour for a given colony size. Remarkably, most species do this even without visual information in a dark environment. However, how they achieve this is yet unknown. Based on individual trait expression, an agent-based simulation was used to identify an explicit mechanism for understanding colony size dependent behaviour. Through repeated physical contact between the queen and individual workers, individual colony members monitor the physiological states o ...[more]

PMID: 36961874

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Project description:Simple Summary Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera, Aphidoidae) is a worldwide pest. The life history of A. gossypii is complex and there are at least two reproductive strategies in China: holocyclic and anholocyclic types. At present, the strategies of anholocyclic A. gosspii for coping with photoperiod and temperature conditions in autumn and winter remain unknown. Therefore, we studied the reproduction pattern of anholocyclic A. gossypii under different light conditions at low temperatures and performed a transcriptional analysis of them. In this study, the results showed that changes in photoperiod affect the reproduction of A. gossypii. High-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that photoperiodic changes lead to differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in corresponding pathways. Through screening, we found that these DEGs were concentrated in Hsp70 family genes, legumain-like genes, and cathepsin B-like genes. This suggested that these DEGs play an important role in photoperiod changes that regulate the reproduction of A. gossypii. Our results will provide insights into control populations of A. gossypii through the regulation of reproduction. Abstract Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera, Aphidoidae) is a polyphagous pest, whose complex phenotypic form, combined with its high fecundity and short reproductive cycle, has caused serious economic losses to agriculture worldwide. Photoperiod plays an important role in the reproduction of aphids. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its response to seasonal photoperiodic changes are not known. In this study, the effects of different photoperiod treatments (8 L:16 D, 10 L:14 D, 12 L:12 D and 14 L:10 D) on A. gossypii reproduction in the first, third, and fifth generations at low temperatures were investigated. Then, transcriptome sequencing analysis was performed after the fifth generation of A. gossypii, exposed to different photoperiods (8 L:16 D and 12 L:12 D), using high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that (I) the effect of photoperiod on aphids was gradually evident with increasing exposure generations. In general, daylight extension help the A. gossypii to reproduce with the optimum photoperiod of L:D 12:12. (II) The transcriptome analysis results showed that 170 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (123 downregulated and 47 upregulated genes) were identified between aphids under 8 h daylight and 12 h daylight. (III) Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs involved in “proteolysis”, “metabolic process”, “peptidase activity” and “structural molecule activity” were significantly enriched; Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that there were more DEGs in “Longevity regulating pathway-multiple species”, “Lysosome”, “Endocytosis”, “Spliceosome” and “Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum”. (IV) Ten related genes were chosen for validation of statistical analysis based on RNA-Seq by the reverse transcription quantitative (RT-qPCR). The comparison was consistent with the expression pattern and supported the accuracy and reliability of RNA-Seq. In summary, the genes involved in these pathways play an important role in the reproduction of A. gossypii under photoperiodical changes. These will contribute to the sustainable management of cotton aphids through the disruption of their reproduction by the method of RNA interference in the future.

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A real-time feedback system stabilises the regulation of worker reproduction under various colony sizes.

Publications

A real-time feedback system stabilises the regulation of worker reproduction under various colony sizes.

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