Dataset Information

Antibody response dynamics to CoronaVac vaccine and booster immunization in adults and the elderly: A long-term, longitudinal prospective study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The long-term humoral immune response after vaccination varies between vaccines and is dependent on the accuracy of the antibody test. A better understanding of the vaccine immune response may help to define vaccination strategies against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Objective

To investigate the long-term immunological response to CoronaVac vaccine and determinants of breakthrough COVID-19 infection.

Methods

A long-term, prospective cohort study involving vaccinated adult and elderly subjects was conducted to investigate the presence of anti-RBD-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G, anti-nucleocapsid IgG and anti-spike trimeric protein IgG. Antibody level dynamics and risk factors associated with breakthrough COVID-19 infection were investigated.

Results

In total, 3902 participants were included in this study. Vaccination with two doses of CoronaVac and a booster dose increased the levels of anti-RBD-specific IgG, anti-nucleocapsid IgG and anti-spike trimeric IgG significantly. In adults, anti-nucleocapsid IgG and anti-spike trimeric IgG levels decreased significantly 7 months after the second dose. In adults and the elderly, the levels of anti-spike trimeric IgG and anti-RBD IgG decreased significantly 4 and 6 months after the booster dose, respectively. Previous exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and anti-spike trimeric IgG titres was independently associated with a lower probability of post-vaccination infection.

Conclusions

A significant increase in antibody levels was found after two doses of CoronaVac and a booster dose. Antibody titres declined significantly 7 months post-vaccination in participants who did not receive a booster dose. Higher levels of antibodies and previous SARS-CoV-2 infection were associated with protection against breakthrough COVID-19.

SUBMITTER: Volpe GJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10076246 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Antibody response dynamics to CoronaVac vaccine and booster immunization in adults and the elderly: A long-term, longitudinal prospective study.

Volpe Gustavo Jardim GJ Vessoni Sandra Coccuzzo Sampaio SCS Soares Lais Braga LB Leite Dos Santos Almeida Maria Aparecida Alves MAA Braga Patrícia Emília PE de Moraes Glenda Renata GR Ferreira Natasha Nicos NN Garibaldi Pedro Manoel Marques PMM Kashima Simone S Fonseca Benedito Antônio Lopes BAL Calado Rodrigo Tocantins RT García Hugo Alberto Brango HAB de França João Italo Dias JID de Lima Marcos Alves MA Pacheco Pedro Henrique de Mesquita PHM Borges Marcos Carvalho MC Covas Dimas Tadeu DT

IJID regions 20230406

<h4>Background</h4>The long-term humoral immune response after vaccination varies between vaccines and is dependent on the accuracy of the antibody test. A better understanding of the vaccine immune response may help to define vaccination strategies against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).<h4>Objective</h4>To investigate the long-term immunological response to CoronaVac vaccine and determinants of breakthrough COVID-19 infection.<h4>Methods</h4>A long-term, prospective cohort study involving ...[more]

PMID: 37102137

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Project description:BackgroundThe protective immunity against omicron following a BNT162b2 Pfizer booster dose among elderly individuals (ie, those aged >65 years) is not well characterised.MethodsIn a community-based, prospective, longitudinal cohort study taking place in France in which 75 residents from three nursing homes were enrolled, we selected 38 residents who had received a two-dose regimen of mRNA vaccine and a booster dose of Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine. We excluded individuals that did not receive three vaccine doses or did not have available sera samples. We measured anti-S IgG antibodies and neutralisation capacity in sera taken 56 (28-68) and 55 (48-64) days (median (range)) after the 2nd and 3rd vaccine doses, respectively. Antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein were measured with the S-Flow assay as binding antibody units per milliliter (BAU/mL). Neutralising activities in sera were measured as effective dilution 50% (ED50) with the S-Fuse assay using authentic isolates of delta and omicron BA.1.FindingsAmong the 38 elderly individuals recruited to the cohort study between November 23rd, 2020 and April 29th, 2021, with median age of 88 (range 72-101) years, 30 (78.95%) had been previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. After three vaccine doses, serum neutralising activity was lower against omicron BA.1 (median ED50 of 774.5, range 15.0-34660.0) than the delta variant (median ED50 of 4972.0, range 213.7-66340.0), and higher among previously infected (ie, convalescent; median ED50 against omicron: 1088.0, range 32.6-34660.0) compared with infection-naive residents (median ED50 against omicron: 188.4, range 15.0-8918.0). During the French omicron wave in December 2021-January 2022, 75% (6/8) of naive residents were infected, compared to 25% (7/30) of convalescent residents (P=0.0114). Anti-Spike antibody levels and neutralising activity against omicron BA.1 after a third BNT162b2 booster dose were lower in those with breakthrough BA.1 infection (n=13) compared with those without (n=25), with a median of 1429.9 (range 670.9-3818.3) BAU/mL vs 2528.3 (range 695.4-8832.0) BAU/mL (P=0.029) and a median ED50 of 281.1 (range 15.0-2136.0) vs 1376.0 (range 32.6-34660.0) (P=0.0013), respectively.InterpretationThis study shows that elderly individuals who received three vaccine doses elicit neutralising antibodies against the omicron BA.1 variant of SARS-CoV-2. Elderly individuals who had also been previously infected showed higher neutralising activity compared with naive individuals. Yet, breakthrough infections with omicron occurred. Individuals with breakthrough infections had significantly lower neutralising titers compared to individuals without breakthrough infection. Thus, a fourth dose of vaccine may be useful in the elderly population to increase the level of neutralising antibodies and compensate for waning immunity.FundingInstitut Pasteur, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM), European Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Authority (HERA), Agence nationale de recherches sur le sida et les hépatites virales - Maladies Infectieuses Emergentes (ANRS-MIE), Agence nationale de la recherche (ANR), Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) and Fondation de France.

Dataset Information

Antibody response dynamics to CoronaVac vaccine and booster immunization in adults and the elderly: A long-term, longitudinal prospective study.

Background

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Antibody response dynamics to CoronaVac vaccine and booster immunization in adults and the elderly: A long-term, longitudinal prospective study.

Similar Datasets

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