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Ruppia mongolica (Ruppiaceae), a new species from Inner Mongolia (China), based on morphological and genetic data.

ABSTRACT: Ruppia mongolica Y. Zou & X.W. Xu, a new species from Inner Mongolia, China, is described and illustrated. The phylogenetic position of the new species within the genus was analyzed based on eight chloroplast DNA fragments and an ingroup sampling of all Eurasian species of Ruppia. The results showed that R. mongolica formed a separate branch between R. sinensis and the clade of R. maritima, R. brevipedunculata, R. drepanensis, and R. cirrhosa. Based on molecular and geographical evidence, our study reveals that R. mongolica is closely related to R. sinensis and R. brevipedunculata but differs from the former in the length and shape of the peduncle and seed size, and from the latter in the length of the peduncle, number of carpels per flower, and seed size. In addition, the karyotype analysis revealed that R. mongolica is octoploid, which is first reported within Ruppia, further supporting R. mongolica as a new species.

SUBMITTER: Zou Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10082167 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Ruppia mongolica (Ruppiaceae), a new species from Inner Mongolia (China), based on morphological and genetic data.

Zou Yang Y Wang Xiaofan X Xu Xinwei X Yu Dan D

Ecology and evolution 20230407 4

Ruppia mongolica Y. Zou & X.W. Xu, a new species from Inner Mongolia, China, is described and illustrated. The phylogenetic position of the new species within the genus was analyzed based on eight chloroplast DNA fragments and an ingroup sampling of all Eurasian species of Ruppia. The results showed that R. mongolica formed a separate branch between R. sinensis and the clade of R. maritima, R. brevipedunculata, R. drepanensis, and R. cirrhosa</ ...[more]

PMID: 37038521

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Project description:Tugarinovia (Family Asteraceae) is a monotypic genus. It's sole species, Tugarinovia mongolica Iljin, is distributed in the northern part of Inner Mongolia, with one additional variety, Tugarinovia mongolica var ovatifolia, which is distributed in the southern part of Inner Mongolia. The species has a limited geographical range and declining populations. To understand the phylogeographic structure of T. mongolica, we sequenced two chloroplast DNA regions (psbA-trnH and psbK-psbI) from 219 individuals of 16 populations, and investigated the genetic variation and phylogeographic patterns of T. mongolica. The results identified a total of 17 (H1-H17) chloroplast haplotypes. There were no haplotypes shared between the northern (T. mongolica) and southern groups (T. mongolica var. ovatifolia), and they formed two distinct lineages. The regional split was also supported by AMOVA and BEAST analyses. AMOVA showed the main variation that occurred between the two geographic groups. The time of divergence of the two groups can be dated to the early Pleistocene epoch, when climate fluctuations most likely resulted in the allopatric divergence of T. mongolica. The formation of the desert blocked genetic flow and enhanced the divergence of the northern and southern groups. Our results indicate that the genetic differences between T. mongolica and T. mongolica var. ovatifolia are consistent with previously proposed morphological differences. We speculate that the dry, cold climate and the expansion of the desert during the Quaternary resulted in the currently observed distribution of extant populations of T. mongolica. In the northern group, the populations Chuanjinsumu, Wuliji and Yingen displayed the highest genetic diversity and should be given priority protection. The southern group showed a higher genetic drift (FST = 1, GST = 1), and the inbreeding load (HS = 0) required protection for each population. Our results propose that the protection of T. mongolica should be implemented through in situ and ex situ conservation practices to increase the effective population size and genetic diversity.

Dataset Information

Ruppia mongolica (Ruppiaceae), a new species from Inner Mongolia (China), based on morphological and genetic data.

Publications

<i>Ruppia mongolica</i> (Ruppiaceae), a new species from Inner Mongolia (China), based on morphological and genetic data.

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