Functional movement disorders triggered by reality shifting and the Backrooms-another social media traps.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Necpal J
PROVIDER: S-EPMC10089377 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Apr
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Functional movement disorders triggered by reality shifting and the Backrooms-another social media traps.
Necpál Ján J Šoltýsová Marcela M
Journal of neurology 20230411 7
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Project description:The spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection across the world accelerated the adoption of social media as the platform of choice for real-time dissemination of medical information. Though this allowed useful clinical anecdotes and links to the latest articles related to COVID-19 to quickly circulate, the broad use of social media also highlighted the power of platforms such as Twitter to spread misinformation. Trainees in medicine have important perspectives to share on social media but may be reluctant to do so for a variety of reasons. There is a need to provide guidance on how to safely engage with social media as well as move the conversation forward in a meaningful way. In this manuscript, we suggest a stepwise approach for trainee social media engagement that integrates the modified Bloom's Taxonomy for social media with Aristotle's principles of rhetoric. This provides trainees with guidance on making ethical, logical, and persuasive cases on social media when creating, consuming, promoting, and discussing content produced by themselves or others.
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Project description:Background:Functional movement disorders (FMDs) have been rarely described in the elderly population. Methods:This is a retrospective chart review of elderly patients with FMDs (onset >60 years) attending the movement disorders clinic at a tertiary care teaching institute in India. Results:Out of 117 patients diagnosed with FMD at our center, 18 patients had an onset after the age of 60 years. The male-to-female ratio was 10:8 and the duration of symptoms ranged from 1 day to 5 years. Social (10/18) and physical factors (5/18) with an evident temporal relationship with the onset of FMD were identified in 15 out of 18 patients. Six of them had a past history of depression, anxiety, or other psychiatric illnesses. The tremor was the most frequent phenomenology seen in 11 (61.1%) patients, followed by dystonia in seven (38.8%), choreoballism and tics in two each, and hemifacial spasm and functional gait in one each. Seven patients had more than one phenotype. Discussion:Tremor was the most frequent movement disorder seen in our patients with FMD. Surprisingly, tics (n = 2) and choreoballistic (n = 2) movements were also found in our patients with FMD, which has not been reported previously in an elderly population. Both physical and social factors were identified preceding the development of FMDs in majority of our patients.
| S-EPMC6691911 | biostudies-other
Project description:Functional (psychogenic) movement disorders are a common source of disability and distress. Despite this, little systematic evidence is available to guide treatment decisions. This situation is likely to have been influenced by the "no man's land" that such patients occupy between neurologists and psychiatrists, often with neither side feeling a clear responsibility or ability to direct management. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an overview of the current state of the evidence regarding management of functional movement disorders. This reveals that there is some evidence to support the use of specific forms of cognitive behavioral therapy and physiotherapy. Such treatments may be facilitated in selected patients with the use of antidepressant medication, and may be more effective for those with severe symptoms when given as part of inpatient multidisciplinary rehabilitation. Other treatments, for example hypnosis and transcranial magnetic stimulation, are of interest, but further evidence is required regarding mechanism of effect and long-term benefit. Though prognosis is poor in general, improvement in symptoms is possible in patients with functional movement disorders, and there is a clear challenge to clinicians and therapists involved in their care to conduct and advocate for high-quality clinical trials.
| S-EPMC3899472 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundFunctional neurological disorders are generally more common in females than males, but the reason for this gender difference is not well understood.ObjectivesIn this study, we aim to compare the clinical and demographic features of functional movement disorders (FMDs) between males and females.MethodsWe examined clinical data and video-recordings of patients with FMDs evaluated at the Baylor College of Medicine Movement Disorders Clinic.ResultsOf the 196 patients with FMDs, males represented only 30% (n = 59) of the entire cohort. Men had an older age at onset: 40.5 versus 34.1 years (P = 0.026) and an older age at evaluation: 43.8 versus 38.1 years (P = 0.041) compared to women. Functional dystonia was more frequently observed in women: 47.5 versus 20.3% (P < 0.001), but there was a trend for higher frequency of functional gait disorder in men: 44 versus 30% (P = 0.056). Females were particularly over-represented (73.7%) in children and adolescents; but the genders were equally represented in patients aged ≥50 years.ConclusionsFemale patients are over-represented in FMDs, except in individuals aged ≥50 years. Compared to female patients, males with FMDs present later in life and are less likely to have functional dystonia.
| S-EPMC7011817 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Exercise intensity is prone to be self-regulated in horses exercising freely. The main drivers include social, feeding and escape behaviors, as well as the operant conditioning. We hypothesized that self-regulated exercise intensity may increase due to the presence of another horse exercising ahead. Seven horses were assigned to a 2x2 crossover trial following treadmill familiarization. Video images of a trotting horse were displayed on the wall in front of the experimental unit (Visual), which was positioned in the treadmill. Physiological and behavioral markers were further compared with a control visual stimulus (Co), comprising a racetrack image without horses. Horses were sampled during a constant load exercise test (1) at rest (baseline), (2) after the warm-up (0 - 10th minute) and (3) after visual stimulation or control (10th- 12th minutes of the SET) to quantify plasma lactate and glucose concentration, heart rate, head angle, as well as behavioral markers. Following visual stimulation, heart rate (130.8 ± 27.8 b.p.m.) was higher than control (84.7 ± 15.1 b.p.m., P = .017), as was plasma lactate (Visual - 5.28 ± 1.48 mg/dl; Co -3.27 ± 1.24 mg/dl, P = .042) and head angle (Visual - 36.43 ± 3.69°; Co -25.14 ± 4.88°, P = .003). The prevalence of "ears forward" behavior was also higher following Visual (100% - 7/7) than Co (14% - 1/7, P = .004). These results suggest that visual stimulus (1) was safe and well tolerated and (2) prompted the anaerobic lactic pathways and shifted the behavior to a vigilant state. In conclusion, horses were able to perceive and adapt to a social environment. Our findings validate the use of social facilitation of trotting to encourage horses to move forward avoiding the use of the whip.
| S-EPMC11346917 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundMisinformation is a threat to public health. The effective countering of misinformation may require moving beyond the binary classification of fake versus fact to capture the range of schemas that users employ to evaluate social media content. A more comprehensive understanding of user evaluation schemas is necessary.ObjectiveThe goal of this research was to advance the current understanding of user evaluations of social media information and to develop and validate a measurement instrument for assessing social media realism.MethodsThis research involved a sequence of 2 studies. First, we used qualitative focus groups (n=48). Second, building on the first study, we surveyed a national sample of social media users (n=442). The focus group data were analyzed using the constant comparison approach. The survey data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analyses and ordinary least squares regression.ResultsThe findings showed that social media reality evaluation involves 5 dimensions: falsity, naturality, authenticity, resonance, and social assurance. These dimensions were differentially mapped onto patterns of social media use. Authenticity was strongly associated with the existing global measure of social media realism (P<.001). Naturality, or the willingness to accept artificiality and engineered aspects of social media representations, was linked to hedonic enjoyment (P<.001). Resonance predicted reflective thinking (P<.001), while social assurance was strongly related to addictive use (P<.001). Falsity, the general belief that much of what is on social media is not real, showed a positive association with both frequency (P<.001) and engagement with (P=.003) social media. These results provide preliminary validity data for a social media reality measure that encompasses multiple evaluation schemas for social media content.ConclusionsThe identification of divergent schemas expands the current focus beyond fake versus fact, while the goals, contexts, and outcomes of social media use associated with these schemas can guide future digital media literacy efforts. Specifically, the social media reality measure can be used to develop tailored digital media literacy interventions for addressing diverse public health issues.
| S-EPMC11336507 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The aim of this study was to assess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of specific amino acids using a high-performance liquid chromatography system in a sample of patients with functional movement disorders (FMDs) and in a sample of controls. CSF levels of glutamate were significantly lower in patients with FMD than in controls. This finding argues in favor of glutamatergic dysfunction in the pathophysiology of FMD.
| S-EPMC7718900 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Making the diagnosis of functional movement disorders can be challenging. Identifying positive physical signs and diagnostic maneuvers is critical to this process. Distractibility, entrainability, and variability are examples of classic physical findings in these patients. In this case series, we identify and characterize another phenomenon observed in some of these patients. In this phenomenon, movement suppression of one body part is followed by immediate reemergence of movement in another. We propose that this phenomenon be referred to as the "whack-a-mole" sign. This name is derived from the arcade game whack-a-mole, in which a mole, when hit into its original hole, re-emerges elsewhere. We present a case series of 4 patients with functional movement disorders who exhibit this sign.
| S-EPMC6353526 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Using social media for health promotion is an innovative and emerging approach but remains relatively unexplored in cancer screening. Uptake of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening remains low and standard methods of reaching out are expensive with limited impact. The objective of this study is to conduct a cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) to test the effectiveness of social media messages for CRC screening on screening intention (primary outcome). The results of this trial will be of interest to Cancer Care Ontario and are likely to be taken up by other screening programs looking for innovative and novel ways to increase screening participation. The study results will be easily translatable identifying the most compelling CRC screening messages while the approach can easily be translated to other cancer disease sites with screening programs.
| 2332186 | ecrin-mdr-crc
Project description:Introduction: Functional movement disorder (FMD) is a type of functional neurological disorder characterized by abnormal movements that patients do not perceive as self-generated. Prior imaging studies show a complex pattern of altered activity, linking regions of the brain involved in emotional responses, motor control, and agency. This study aimed to better characterize these relationships by building a classifier using a support vector machine to accurately distinguish between 61 FMD patients and 59 healthy controls using features derived from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Materials and Methods: First, we selected 66 seed regions based on prior related studies, then we calculated the full correlation matrix between them before performing recursive feature elimination to winnow the feature set to the most predictive features and building the classifier. Results: We identified 29 features of interest that were highly predictive of the FMD condition, classifying patients and controls with 80% accuracy. Several key features included regions in the right sensorimotor cortex, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, left cerebellum, and left posterior insula. Conclusions: The features selected by the model highlight the importance of the interconnected relationship between areas associated with emotion, reward, and sensorimotor integration, potentially mediating communication between regions associated with motor function, attention, and executive function. Exploratory machine learning was able to identify this distinctive abnormal pattern, suggesting that alterations in functional linkages between these regions may be a consistent feature of the condition in many FMD patients. Clinical-Trials.gov ID: NCT00500994 Impact statement Our research presents novel results that further elucidate the pathophysiology of functional movement disorder (FMD) with a machine learning model that classifies FMD and healthy controls correctly 80% of the time. Herein, we demonstrate how known differences in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity in FMD patients can be leveraged to better understand the complex pattern of neural changes in these patients. Knowing that there are measurable predictable differences in brain activity in patients with FMD may help both clinicians and patients conceptualize and better understand the illness at the point of diagnosis and during treatment. Our methods demonstrate how an effective combination of machine learning and qualitative approaches to analyzing functional brain connectivity can enhance our understanding of abnormal patterns of brain activity in FMD patients.
| S-EPMC9942186 | biostudies-literature