Acute coronary syndrome: late sequela of a sexually transmitted disease
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PROVIDER: S-EPMC10090473 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Mar
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:A clinical-psychological study of 400 consecutive patients with sexually transmitted disease (STD) was undertaken at 151 BH and MH Meerut during 1991-95. Majority of the STD patients were aged 34 years or less (90.25%), belonged to other ranks (68%), hailed from rural areas (90.75%), were Hindus (83.50%), were married (72.50%). Uncontrollable sexual urge was the reason for exposure in majority (69.25%) of the cases. Commonest source of STD was commercial sex workers (CSW) (72.80%). At the time of exposure 58.50% patients were at their place of work (on out-pass) and 11.75% had consumed alcohol. Commonest STDs were Chanchroid (30.50%), Syphilis (19.50%) and LGV (10.80%). A delay of more than one month from the onset of symptoms to reporting for treatment was observed in 18.50% patients, while 24.25% patients had taken treatment from unauthorised sources. A past history of STD was given by 8.80% of patients. Majority (57.75%) of the STD patients had inadequate knowledge of STD and only 6.75% had used a condom during exposure. Mean scores of STD patients on Maudsley personality inventory were: Neuroticism-37.98 and extroversion-46.03. The General Health questionnaire identified 19.75% patients as probable psychiatric cases. On clinical evaluation, psychiatric disorders were present in 5.75% of patients.
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Project description:Upon activation, platelets release a host of soluble and vesicular signals, collectively termed the ‘platelet releasate’ (PR). The contents of this PR play a significant role in haemostasis, inflammation, and pathologic sequelae. Despite this, proteomic studies investigating the PR in coronary artery disease have not been performed. We undertook a comparative label-free quantitative (LFQ) proteomic profiling of the 1U/ml thrombin-induced PR from 13 acute coronary syndrome (ACS-STEMI) versus 14 stable angina pectoris patients using a tandem mass spectrometry approach. We identified differentially released platet proteins including tetranectin (CLEC3B), protein disulfide-isomerase-A3 (PDIA3), coagulation factor V (F5) and fibronectin (FN1). Strikingly, all 9 differential proteins were associated with the GO cellular component term ‘extracellular vesicle’ and reduced levels of EVs were detected in plasma of ACS-STEMI patients. Network analysis revealed 3 PR proteins either reduced (F5; FN1) or absent (CLEC3B) in ACS-STEMI patients, which are strongly connected to both the clotting cascade and major druggable targets on platelets. This moderated signature highlights the possible basis of platelet dysfunction in ACS-STEMI and may prove useful for non-invasive risk assessment of the progression of coronary artery disease.
2020-06-05 | PXD009356 | Pride
Project description:There are many different sexually transmitted infections that can cause proctitis. Recognition of the common symptoms with anoscopic examination is crucial in accurate diagnosis of the pathogen. Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion of more than one inciting pathogen. Treatment should be prompt and extended to sexual partners who have been exposed to the disease. Effective treatment can alleviate the discomfort and potentially serious complications associated with sexually transmitted proctitides. This article illustrates and discusses the clinical presentations, diagnostic pearls, and treatments of sexually transmitted proctitides.
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Project description:The aim of this review is to summarize the incidence, prevalence, trend in mortality, and general prognosis of coronary heart disease (CHD) and a related condition, acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Although CHD mortality has gradually declined over the last decades in western countries, this condition still causes about one-third of all deaths in people older than 35 years. This evidence, along with the fact that mortality from CHD is expected to continue increasing in developing countries, illustrates the need for implementing effective primary prevention approaches worldwide and identifying risk groups and areas for possible improvement.
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Project description:Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) occur throughout the animal kingdom and are generally thought to affect host population dynamics and evolution very differently from other directly transmitted infectious diseases. In particular, STDs are not thought to have threshold densities for persistence or to be able to regulate host population density independently; they may also have the potential to cause host extinction. However, these expectations follow from a theory that assumes that the rate of STD spread depends on the proportion (rather than the density) of individuals infected in a population. We show here that this key assumption ("frequency dependence"), which has not previously been tested in an animal STD system, is invalid in a simple and general experimental model. Transmission of an STD in the two-spot ladybird depended more on the density of infected individuals in the study population than on their frequency. We argue that, in this system, and in many other animal STDs in which population density affects sexual contact rate, population dynamics may exhibit some characteristics that are normally reserved for diseases with density-dependent transmission.
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Project description:The paramedics brought a 60-year-old man to the emergency department after a sudden onset of shortness of breath with a subsequent drop in the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). On arrival the patient looked peri-arrest. His O2 saturations were 84% on 15?L of oxygen. He had gasping breathing with a completely silent chest and the GCS was 6/15 (E=1, V=1, M=4). The blood gas revealed type-2 respiratory failure. The chest X-ray was unremarkable and ECG was not indicative for cardiac catheterisation lab activation. Bedside shock scan was done which showed global hypokinesia of the left ventricle. In spite of unconvincing ECG and chest X-ray, an acute cardiac event was diagnosed in view of an abnormal bedside echo. The patient was transferred to the cardiac catheterisation lab for urgent percutaneous coronary intervention which revealed critical stenosis of the left main stem coronary artery, which was successfully stented. The patient had a good recovery from the life-threatening event.
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Project description:Valve-sparing root replacement (the David procedure) is a valuable alternative to conventional aortic root replacement with a composite graft, especially in patients whose aortic valve leaflets have not been altered. However, reintervention rates are higher than are those associated with composite graft implantation. In this report, we present the case of a patient who had undergone valve-sparing root replacement 2 years earlier and was admitted to our hospital with myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock secondary to coronary ostial button dissection, aortic pseudoaneurysm formation, and severe left main coronary artery compression. To our knowledge, this case is exceedingly rare. Rather than attempt local reconstruction of the mouth of the pseudoaneurysm, we excised the lesion, the aortic valve, and the graft, and we successfully implanted a composite aortic graft with a mechanical aortic valve.
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Project description:The authors' purpose was to expand sexually transmitted disease core theory by examining the roles of person, place, and time in differentiating geographic core areas from outbreak areas. The authors mapped yearly census-tract-level syphilis rates for San Francisco, California, based on new primary and secondary syphilis cases reported to the San Francisco City sexually transmitted disease surveillance program between January 1, 1985, and December 31, 2007. SaTScan software (Information Management Services, Inc., Silver Spring, Maryland) was used to identify geographic clusters of significantly elevated syphilis rates over space and time. The authors graphed epidemic curves for 1) core areas, 2) outbreak areas, 3) neither core nor outbreak areas, and 4) noncore areas, where noncore areas included outbreaks, and stratified these curves according to demographic characteristics. Five clusters of significantly elevated primary and secondary syphilis rates were identified. A 5-year threshold was useful for differentiating core clusters from outbreak clusters. Epidemic curves for core areas, outbreak areas, neither core nor outbreak areas, and noncore areas were perfectly synchronized in phase trends and wavelength over time, even when broken down by demographic characteristics. Between epidemics, the occurrence of syphilis affected all demographic groups equally. During an epidemic, a temporary disparity in syphilis occurrence arose and a homogeneous core group of cases could be defined.
| S-EPMC3159428 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Mycoplasma genitalium is an emerging sexually transmitted pathogen implicated in urethritis in men and several inflammatory reproductive tract syndromes in women including cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and infertility. This comprehensive review critically examines epidemiologic studies of M. genitalium infections in women with the goal of assessing the associations with reproductive tract disease and enhancing awareness of this emerging pathogen. Over 27,000 women from 48 published reports have been screened for M. genitalium urogenital infection in high- or low-risk populations worldwide with an overall prevalence of 7.3% and 2.0%, respectively. M. genitalium was present in the general population at rates between those of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Considering more than 20 studies of lower tract inflammation, M. genitalium has been positively associated with urethritis, vaginal discharge, and microscopic signs of cervicitis and/or mucopurulent cervical discharge in seven of 14 studies. A consistent case definition of cervicitis is lacking and will be required for comprehensive understanding of these associations. Importantly, evidence for M. genitalium PID and infertility are quite convincing and indicate that a significant proportion of upper tract inflammation may be attributed to this elusive pathogen. Collectively, M. genitalium is highly prevalent in high- and low-risk populations, and should be considered an etiologic agent of select reproductive tract disease syndromes in women.
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