Comparison of 30 Cytokines in Human Breast Milk between 1989 and 2013 in Japan.

ABSTRACT: Milk cytokines play a vital role in mucosal immunity during infancy by supporting immune development and functions. Although the maternal background characteristics influence milk cytokines, changes in cytokine levels across generations remain unclear. Colostrum (C, n = 48) and mature milk (MM, n = 49) samples were collected from lactating Japanese women in 1989 (2727 samples) and 2013 (1408 samples). Milk cytokines were comprehensively measured using a suspension array and immunosorbent assays. The positive rates and cytokine concentrations were compared between the two generations using logistic and multiple regression analyses. Twenty-eight cytokines tested positive in all sample groups (1989-C, 1989-MM, 2013-C, and 2013-MM). The median osteopontin (OPN) level was signific

SUBMITTER: Takahashi T 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10096822 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature