Silica nanocarrier-mediated intracellular delivery of rapamycin promotes autophagy-mediated M2 macrophage polarization to regulate bone regeneration.

ABSTRACT: Targeting macrophages to regulate the immune microenvironment is a new strategy for bone regeneration with nano-drugs. Nano-drugs have achieved surprising anti-inflammatory and bone-regenerative effects, however, their underlying mechanisms in macrophages remain to be clarified. Macrophage polarization, immunomodulation, and osteogenesis are governed by autophagy. Rapamycin, an autophagy inducer, has shown promising results in bone regeneration, but high dose-mediated cytotoxicity and low bioavailability hinder its clinical application. This study aimed to develop rapamycin-loaded virus-like hollow silica nanoparticles (R@HSNs) which are easily phagocytosed by macrophages and translocated to lysosomes. R@HSNs induced macrophage autophagy, promoted M2 polarization, and alleviated the degree

SUBMITTER: Zhang Q 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10106556 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature