Dataset Information

Exploring Survey-Based Water, Sanitation, and Animal Associations With Enteric Pathogen Carriage: Comparing Results in a Cohort of Cases With Moderate-to-Severe Diarrhea to Those in Controls in the Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa (VIDA) Study, 2015-2018.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The magnitude of pediatric enteric pathogen exposures in low-income settings necessitates substantive water and sanitation interventions, including animal feces management. We assessed associations between pediatric enteric pathogen detection and survey-based water, sanitation, and animal characteristics within the Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa case-control study.

Methods

In The Gambia, Kenya, and Mali, we assessed enteric pathogens in stool of children aged <5 years with moderate-to-severe diarrhea and their matched controls (diarrhea-free in prior 7 days) via the TaqMan Array Card and surveyed caregivers about household drinking water and sanitation conditions and animals living in the compound. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using modified Poisson regression models, stratified for cases and controls and adjusted for age, sex, site, and demographics.

Results

Bacterial (cases, 93%; controls, 72%), viral (63%, 56%), and protozoal (50%, 38%) pathogens were commonly detected (cycle threshold <35) in the 4840 cases and 6213 controls. In cases, unimproved sanitation (RR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.12-2.17), as well as cows (RR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.16-2.24) and sheep (RR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.11-1.96) living in the compound, were associated with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. In controls, fowl (RR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.15-1.47) were associated with Campylobacter spp. In controls, surface water sources were associated with Cryptosporidium spp., Shigella spp., heat-stable toxin-producing enterotoxigenic E. coli, and Giardia spp.

Conclusions

Findings underscore the importance of enteric pathogen exposure risks from animals alongside more broadly recognized water and sanitation risk factors in children.

SUBMITTER: Berendes DM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10116566 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Exploring Survey-Based Water, Sanitation, and Animal Associations With Enteric Pathogen Carriage: Comparing Results in a Cohort of Cases With Moderate-to-Severe Diarrhea to Those in Controls in the Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa (VIDA) Study, 2015-2018.

Berendes David M DM Omore Richard R Prentice-Mott Graeme G Fagerli Kirsten K Kim Sunkyung S Nasrin Dilruba D Powell Helen H Jahangir Hossain M M Sow Samba O SO Doh Sanogo S Jones Joquina Chiquita M JCM Ochieng John B JB Juma Jane J Awuor Alex O AO Ogwel Billy B Verani Jennifer R JR Widdowson Marc-Alain MA Kasumba Irene N IN Tennant Sharon M SM Roose Anna A Zaman Syed M A SMA Liu Jie J Sugerman Ciara E CE Platts-Mills James A JA Houpt Eric R ER Kotloff Karen L KL Mintz Eric D ED

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 20230401 76 Suppl1

<h4>Background</h4>The magnitude of pediatric enteric pathogen exposures in low-income settings necessitates substantive water and sanitation interventions, including animal feces management. We assessed associations between pediatric enteric pathogen detection and survey-based water, sanitation, and animal characteristics within the Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa case-control study.<h4>Methods</h4>In The Gambia, Kenya, and Mali, we assessed enteric pathogens in stool of children aged <5 y ...[more]

PMID: 37074442

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Dataset Information

Exploring Survey-Based Water, Sanitation, and Animal Associations With Enteric Pathogen Carriage: Comparing Results in a Cohort of Cases With Moderate-to-Severe Diarrhea to Those in Controls in the Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa (VIDA) Study, 2015-2018.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Exploring Survey-Based Water, Sanitation, and Animal Associations With Enteric Pathogen Carriage: Comparing Results in a Cohort of Cases With Moderate-to-Severe Diarrhea to Those in Controls in the Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa (VIDA) Study, 2015-2018.

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