The Effects of Pictorial Health Warning Label on Waterpipe (Low- and High-Frequency) Smokers' Experiences, Toxicant Exposures, and Puffing Behavior.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Pictorial health warning label (PHWL) is an effective risk communication measure among cigarette smokers. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the effect of PHWL on low- and high-frequency waterpipe (WP) smokers. This study examined the effects of PHWL on puffing behavior, subjective experiences, and toxicant exposures among low- and high-frequency WP smokers in the United States (US).

Methods

Sixty current (past-month) WP smokers (low-frequency; n = 30 and high-frequency; n = 30) completed two 45-min ad libitum WP smoking sessions in a cross-over design study (WP with no-PHWL vs. WP with PHWL). We compared the mean differences of puff topography, expired carbon monoxide (eCO), plasma nicotine concentration, and subjective experiences between the two sm

SUBMITTER: Gautam P 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10127153 | biostudies-literature | 2023 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature