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Family Income Level, Variability, and Trend as Predictors of Child Achievement and Behavior.

ABSTRACT: Recent decades have seen increases in the variability of family income, tepid income growth rates for all but the richest families, and widening income inequality. These trends are concerning for child well-being, given the importance of income to parental investments and parenting practices. Growing evidence suggests that a high level of change is disruptive to family processes and that chronic stress affects physiology as well as psychology. This study used the Panel Study of Income Dynamics Child Development Supplement to estimate associations between three dimensions of childhood income dynamics-level, variability, and trend-and child achievement and behavior. After income level was controlled for, income variability during childhood was not associated with child achievement or behavior, but an increasing five-year trend in income-to-needs was modestly beneficial to behavior measures. Subgroup analysis suggests some adverse effects of income variability and trend on reading and behavior for non-White children but no clear patterns by child's age or family income or wealth levels.

SUBMITTER: Hill HD

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10127612 | biostudies-literature | 2021 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Family Income Level, Variability, and Trend as Predictors of Child Achievement and Behavior.

Hill Heather D HD

Demography 20210801 4

Recent decades have seen increases in the variability of family income, tepid income growth rates for all but the richest families, and widening income inequality. These trends are concerning for child well-being, given the importance of income to parental investments and parenting practices. Growing evidence suggests that a high level of change is disruptive to family processes and that chronic stress affects physiology as well as psychology. This study used the Panel Study of Income Dynamics C ...[more]

PMID: 34196721

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Project description:BackgroundMost studies investigating the association of temperament with physical activity and sedentary behavior have examined children or adolescents, employed cross-sectional or longitudinal designs that do not extend from childhood into adulthood, and utilized self- or parent-reported data on physical activity and sedentary behavior. This longitudinal study investigated whether socioemotional behavior in childhood and temperament in middle adulthood predict accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary behavior in late adulthood.MethodsThis study was based on the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development (JYLS). Socioemotional behavior (behavioral activity, well-controlled behavior, negative emotionality) was assessed at age 8 based on teacher ratings, whereas temperament (surgency, effortful control, negative affectivity, orienting sensitivity) was assessed at age 42 based on self-rating. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary behavior were assessed at age 61 using an accelerometer. Data (N = 142) were analyzed using linear regression analysis.ResultsIn women, behavioral activity at age 8 predicted higher levels of daily sedentary behavior at age 61. The association did not remain statistically significant after controlling for participant's occupational status. In addition, women's negative affectivity at age 42 predicted lower daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity at age 61, particularly during leisure time. No statistically significant results were observed in men.ConclusionsAlthough few weak associations of socioemotional behavior and temperament with physical activity and sedentary behavior were detected in women, they were observed over several decades, and thus, deserve attention in future studies. In addition to other factors contributing to physical activity and sedentary behavior, health professionals may be sensitive to individual characteristics, such as a tendency to experience more negative emotions, when doing health counseling or planning for health-promoting interventions targeting physical activity and sedentary behavior.

Project description:BackgroundBangladesh has improved maternal and child health, but healthcare indicators and access still need enhancement. Factors that contribute to increased antenatal care (ANC) need to be explored to inform healthcare policies. The study examined whether community-level (supply-side) predictors outperform individual/family-level (demand-side) predictors for the desired number of ANC services.MethodsThis cross-sectional study collected primary data from 630 pregnant and lactating women (PLW) in seven upazilas in Rangpur and Nilphamari districts of Bangladesh in 2022. The individual/family and community-level factors as predictors of desired antenatal care services were investigated using a semi-structured questionnaire. Various statistical techniques including the Student t-test, z-test, Chi-square test, and logistic regression model were employed in analyzing the data.ResultsOut of the total 630 participants, the majority were literate women who belong to higher pregnancy order and received benefits from SSNPs. In addition to this, these women did not earn and neither were the empowered. The outcome variable was the receiving status of 4+ ANC services by PLWs, which varied by different covariates. The desired 4+ ANC service received by 73 % PLWs. The significant (p < 0.05) predictors of receiving 4+ ANC services were secondary-level education (95 % CI:0.97-7.55), knowledge on danger signs (95 % CI:1.02-1.48), empowered women (95 % CI:0.99-2.69), community clinics as place of services (95 % CI:1.52-3.49), sources of information through SMS (95 % CI:2.63-7.04) and fully functional community clinic (95 % CI:1.0-2.347). The statistical evidence through the values of pseudo R2 of the reduced models of community level (0.09), individual level (0.03) and family level (0.01) revealed that the community level predictors are more influential than individual/family level predictors.ConclusionThe findings indicate that community level predictors played a dominant role in receiving the 4+ ANC services in Bangladesh. In short, the well-functioning of community clinics in tandem with government forums/bodies and awareness raising through SMS messages, are sufficient for ensuring the desired number of ANC services in rural areas of Bangladesh.

Dataset Information

Family Income Level, Variability, and Trend as Predictors of Child Achievement and Behavior.

Publications

Family Income Level, Variability, and Trend as Predictors of Child Achievement and Behavior.

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