Which Children are Frequently Victimized in U.S. Elementary Schools? Population-based Estimates.

ABSTRACT: We analyzed a population-based cohort of 11,780 U.S. kindergarten children to identify risk and protective factors predictive of frequent verbal, social, reputational, and/or physical bullying victimization during the upper elementary grades. We also stratified the analyses by biological sex. Both girls and boys displaying kindergarten externalizing problem behaviors were at consistently higher risk of frequent victimization during 3^rd-5^th grade (for the combined sample of boys and girls, verbal odds ratio [OR] = 1.82, social OR = 1.60, reputational OR = 1.85, physical OR = 1.67, total OR = 1.93). Hispanic children relative to non-Hispanic White children and those from higher income families were the most strongly and consistently protected from victimization. Boys we

SUBMITTER: Morgan PL 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC10137960 | biostudies-literature | 2022 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature